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Armenia Portal
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Բարի գալուստ Հայաստանի պորտալ!
Location of Armenia

Armenia, officially the Republic of Armenia, is a landlocked country in the Armenian highlands of West Asia. It is a part of the Caucasus region and is bordered by Turkey to the west, Georgia to the north, Azerbaijan to the east, and Iran and the Azerbaijani exclave of Nakhchivan to the south. Yerevan is the capital, largest city and financial center.

The Armenian highlands have been home to the Hayasa-Azzi, Shupria, and Nairi peoples. By at least 600 BC, an archaic form of Proto-Armenian, an Indo-European language, had diffused into the Armenian highlands. The first Armenian state of Urartu was established in 860 BC, and by the 6th century BC it was replaced by the Satrapy of Armenia. The Kingdom of Armenia reached its height under Tigranes the Great in the 1st century BC and in AD 301 became the first state in the world to adopt Christianity as its official religion. Armenia still recognises the Armenian Apostolic Church, the world's oldest national church, as the country's primary religious establishment. The ancient Armenian kingdom was split between the Byzantine and Sasanian Empires around the early 5th century. Under the Bagratuni dynasty, the Bagratid Kingdom of Armenia was restored in the 9th century before falling in 1045. Cilician Armenia, an Armenian principality and later a kingdom, was located on the coast of the Mediterranean Sea between the 11th and 14th centuries.

Between the 16th and 19th centuries, the traditional Armenian homeland composed of Eastern Armenia and Western Armenia came under the rule of the Ottoman and Persian empires, repeatedly ruled by either of the two over the centuries. By the 19th century, Eastern Armenia had been conquered by the Russian Empire while most of Western Armenia remained under Ottoman rule. During World War I up to 1.5 million Armenians were systematically exterminated in the Armenian genocide. Following the Russian Revolution, the First Republic of Armenia declared independence in 1918. By 1920, the state was incorporated into the Soviet Union as the Armenian Soviet Socialist Republic. Today's Republic of Armenia became independent in 1991 during the dissolution of the Soviet Union. (Full article...)

Selected article

The Armenian highlands near the Iran–Turkey border with Mount Ararat in the distance

The Armenian highlands (Armenian: Հայկական լեռնաշխարհ, romanized: Haykakan leṙnašxarh; also known as the Eastern Anatolian highlands, Armenian upland, Armenian plateau, or Armenian tableland) comprise the most central and the highest of the three plateaus that together form the northern sector of West Asia. Clockwise starting from the west, the Armenian highlands are bounded by the Anatolian plateau, the Caucasus, the Kura-Aras lowlands, the Iranian Plateau, and Mesopotamia. The highlands are divided into western and eastern regions, defined by the Ararat Valley where Mount Ararat is located. Since the turn of the 20th century, Western Armenia has been relabeled as "Eastern Anatolia" by Ottoman and Turkish authorities. Eastern Armenia is part of Lesser Caucasus, which was historically known by some as the Anti-Caucasus, meaning "opposite of the Caucasus".

During the Iron Age, the region was known by variations of the name Ararat (Urartu, Uruatri, Urashtu). Later, the Highlands were known as Armenia Major, a central region to the history of Armenians, and one of the four geopolitical regions associated with Armenians, the other three being Armenia Minor, Sophene, and Commagene. The highlands are primarily defined by the geographical dispersal of its native inhabitants, the Armenians. Prior to the appearance of nominally Armenian people in historical records, historians have hypothesized that the region must have been home to various ethnic groups who became homogenous when the Armenian language came to prominence. The population of the Armenian highlands has had a high level of regional genetic continuity for over 6,000 years. Recent studies indicate that the Armenian people descend from the indigenous people of the Armenian highlands and form a distinct genetic isolate in the region. The region was also inhabited during Antiquity by minorities such as Assyrians, Georgians, Greeks, Jews, and Iranians. During the Middle Ages, Arabs and particularly Turkmens and Kurds settled in large numbers in the Armenian highlands. (Full article...)

Selected biography

Petrosian in 1962

Tigran Vardani Petrosian (Armenian: Տիգրան Վարդանի Պետրոսյան; Russian: Тигран Вартанович Петросян; 17 June 1929 – 13 August 1984) was a Soviet-Armenian chess grandmaster. The ninth World Chess Champion from 1963 to 1969, he was nicknamed "Iron Tigran" due to his almost-impenetrable defensive playing style, which emphasized safety above all else. Petrosian is often credited with popularizing chess in Armenia.

Petrosian was a candidate for the World Chess Championship on eight occasions (1953, 1956, 1959, 1962, 1971, 1974, 1977 and 1980). He won the World Championship in 1963 (against Mikhail Botvinnik), successfully defended it in 1966 (against Boris Spassky), and lost it to Spassky in 1969. Thus he was the defending World Champion or a World Championship Candidate in ten consecutive three-year cycles. He won the Soviet Championship four times (1959, 1961, 1969, and 1975). (Full article...)

General images

The following are images from various Armenia-related articles on Wikipedia.
  • Image 1Geghard gavit (from Geghard)
    Geghard gavit (from Geghard)
  • Window tympanum of the Gavit
    Window tympanum of the Gavit. Interpretation is unclear: God the Father with the head of John the Baptist, Jesus or Adam in his hand, and Jesus on the Cross (from Noravank)
  • Image 3Panorama of Noravank monastery and Amaghu valley (from Noravank)
    Panorama of Noravank monastery and Amaghu valley (from Noravank)
  • Image 4Column from the gavit (from Geghard)
    Column from the gavit (from Geghard)
  • Image 5Carved tombstones of Smbat and Elikum III Orbelian, inside the chapel of Surb Grigor (from Noravank)
    Carved tombstones of Smbat and Elikum III Orbelian, inside the chapel of Surb Grigor (from Noravank)
  • Image 6Approach to the monastery (from Noravank)
    Approach to the monastery (from Noravank)
  • Image 7Entrance to the Proshyan chapel (1283). (from Geghard)
    Entrance to the Proshyan chapel (1283). (from Geghard)
  • Image 8Plan of Saints Paul and Peter Church (from Tatev Monastery)
    Plan of Saints Paul and Peter Church (from Tatev Monastery)
  • Image 9Plan of Geghard, with identification of the main structures. (from Geghard)
    Plan of Geghard, with identification of the main structures. (from Geghard)
  • Image 10Column, tomb of Papak Proshyan, 1288. (from Geghard)
    Column, tomb of Papak Proshyan, 1288. (from Geghard)
  • Image 1117th-century service buildings (foreground) (from Geghard)
    17th-century service buildings (foreground) (from Geghard)
  • Image 12The Upper Zhamatun (1288), tomb of Papak Proshyan and his wife Ruzukana (from Geghard)
    The Upper Zhamatun (1288), tomb of Papak Proshyan and his wife Ruzukana (from Geghard)
  • Image 13Grave of Elikum III Orbelian, son of Prince Tarsaich Orbelian (from Noravank)
    Grave of Elikum III Orbelian, son of Prince Tarsaich Orbelian (from Noravank)
  • Image 14The hole (from Noravank)
    The hole (from Noravank)
  • Image 15Mausoleum of Prince Prosh Khaghbakian (1283). The tombs are behind the twin arches. The entrance to the Proshyan chapel is to the right. (from Geghard)
    Mausoleum of Prince Prosh Khaghbakian (1283). The tombs are behind the twin arches. The entrance to the Proshyan chapel is to the right. (from Geghard)
  • Image 16Surb Karapet (St. John the Baptist) Church (from Noravank)
    Surb Karapet (St. John the Baptist) Church (from Noravank)
  • Image 17The first rock-cut church, Zakarid period, circa 1240. (from Geghard)
    The first rock-cut church, Zakarid period, circa 1240. (from Geghard)
  • Image 18The "Chapel of the Proshyans" in Rock-This is the rock-cut church past the zhamatun. It was dedicated by Prince Prosh in 1283. (from Geghard)
    The "Chapel of the Proshyans" in Rock-This is the rock-cut church past the zhamatun. It was dedicated by Prince Prosh in 1283. (from Geghard)
  • Image 19St. Gregory the Illuminator's Church (from Tatev Monastery)
    St. Gregory the Illuminator's Church (from Tatev Monastery)
  • Image 20Eastern façade of Astvatsatsin church (from Noravank)
    Eastern façade of Astvatsatsin church (from Noravank)
  • Image 21Swinging Column in Tatev (from Tatev Monastery)
    Swinging Column in Tatev (from Tatev Monastery)
  • Image 22Geghard in the snow (from Geghard)
    Geghard in the snow (from Geghard)
  • Image 23Rock-cut chamber: tomb of Prosh Khaghbakian (1283). (from Geghard)
    Rock-cut chamber: tomb of Prosh Khaghbakian (1283). (from Geghard)
  • Image 24Swinging Column in 1839 (from Tatev Monastery)
    Swinging Column in 1839 (from Tatev Monastery)
  • Image 25Noravank (from Noravank)
    Noravank (from Noravank)
  • Image 26Surb Astvatsatsin Church of Noravank (from Noravank)
    Surb Astvatsatsin Church of Noravank (from Noravank)
  • Image 27Cupola on arches. Proshyan chapel (1283). (from Geghard)
    Cupola on arches. Proshyan chapel (1283). (from Geghard)
  • Image 28The entrance of Astvatsatsin church (western façade) (from Noravank)
    The entrance of Astvatsatsin church (western façade) (from Noravank)
  • Image 29Khachkars inset in rock outcropping (from Geghard)
    Khachkars inset in rock outcropping (from Geghard)
  • Image 30Muqarna Vault of the First church in the rock, 13th century. (from Geghard)
    Muqarna Vault of the First church in the rock, 13th century. (from Geghard)
  • Image 31Cross decoration on the walls of Astvatsatsin church (from Noravank)
    Cross decoration on the walls of Astvatsatsin church (from Noravank)
  • Image 32Engraved crosses on the cave church wall in the Geghard Monastery. (from Geghard)
    Engraved crosses on the cave church wall in the Geghard Monastery. (from Geghard)
  • Image 33A detail of the Astvatsatsin church (from Noravank)
    A detail of the Astvatsatsin church (from Noravank)
  • Image 34Façade of Surb Astvatsatsin Church (from Noravank)
    Façade of Surb Astvatsatsin Church (from Noravank)
  • Image 35An illustration of the monastery from 1881. (from Tatev Monastery)
    An illustration of the monastery from 1881. (from Tatev Monastery)
  • Image 36Emblem of the Proshyan family. (from Geghard)
    Emblem of the Proshyan family. (from Geghard)
  • Image 37The monastery in the early 20th century (from Noravank)
    The monastery in the early 20th century (from Noravank)
  • Image 38Tatev Monastery (from Tatev Monastery)
    Tatev Monastery (from Tatev Monastery)
  • Image 39Boundary agreement between the villages Khut, Shinhar and Halizur (Halidzor) owned by the Tatev Monastery. Persian manuscript, dated 13 November 1400 (from Tatev Monastery)
    Boundary agreement between the villages Khut, Shinhar and Halizur (Halidzor) owned by the Tatev Monastery. Persian manuscript, dated 13 November 1400 (from Tatev Monastery)
  • Image 40Aerial view (from Noravank)
    Aerial view (from Noravank)
  • Image 41View of the interior of Astvatsatsin church (from Noravank)
    View of the interior of Astvatsatsin church (from Noravank)
  • Image 42The main church, or "Kathogike" (from Geghard)
    The main church, or "Kathogike" (from Geghard)
  • Image 43Plan of Noravank (from Noravank)
    Plan of Noravank (from Noravank)
  • Image 44Holy Mother of God Church (from Tatev Monastery)
    Holy Mother of God Church (from Tatev Monastery)
  • Image 45Noravank horseman hunting a lion. Relief in the gavit. (from Noravank)
    Noravank horseman hunting a lion. Relief in the gavit. (from Noravank)
  • Image 46Broken khachkar to the left of Astvatsatsin church (from Noravank)
    Broken khachkar to the left of Astvatsatsin church (from Noravank)
  • Image 47Bas-relief (from Noravank)
    Bas-relief (from Noravank)
  • Image 48Photo by Alexander Roinashvili c. 1880. (from Tatev Monastery)
    Photo by Alexander Roinashvili c. 1880. (from Tatev Monastery)
  • Image 49Ornament on the ceiling of the Saint Grigor chapel made with the Vordan Karmir (Cochineal Red) pigment (from Noravank)
    Ornament on the ceiling of the Saint Grigor chapel made with the Vordan Karmir (Cochineal Red) pigment (from Noravank)
  • Image 50The façade of Surb Karapet Church with a depiction of God the Father (upper relief) (from Noravank)
    The façade of Surb Karapet Church with a depiction of God the Father (upper relief) (from Noravank)
  • Image 51Tatev Monastery pillar (from Tatev Monastery)
    Tatev Monastery pillar (from Tatev Monastery)
  • Image 52The museum (from Noravank)
    The museum (from Noravank)
  • Image 53Tatev Monastery (from Tatev Monastery)
    Tatev Monastery (from Tatev Monastery)
  • Image 54The southern entrance of Surb Karapet church (from Noravank)
    The southern entrance of Surb Karapet church (from Noravank)
  • Image 55Ceiling and Muqarna vault of the gavit. (from Geghard)
    Ceiling and Muqarna vault of the gavit. (from Geghard)
  • Image 56Arched entrance to the caves adjacent to the monastery. (from Geghard)
    Arched entrance to the caves adjacent to the monastery. (from Geghard)
  • Image 57Cupola on arches. Proshyan chapel (1283). (from Geghard)
    Cupola on arches. Proshyan chapel (1283). (from Geghard)
  • Image 58View of the monastery and surroundings, 2025 (from Tatev Monastery)
    View of the monastery and surroundings, 2025 (from Tatev Monastery)
  • Image 59The monastery c. 1920 (from Tatev Monastery)
    The monastery c. 1920 (from Tatev Monastery)
  • Image 60The back of the Astvatsatsin church (from Noravank)
    The back of the Astvatsatsin church (from Noravank)
  • Image 61The Church of Saints Paul and Peter at sunset (from Tatev Monastery)
    The Church of Saints Paul and Peter at sunset (from Tatev Monastery)

Selected picture

  • Image 1Armenian National Academic Theatre of Opera and Ballet
    Armenian National Academic Theatre of Opera and Ballet
  • Image 2Noravank Monastery
    Noravank Monastery

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