Portal:Portugal

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Lisbon, the capital of Portugal, overlooking the Tagus river

Portugal, officially the Portuguese Republic, is a country in Southwestern Europe. It is a unitary republic comprising mainland Portugal, located on the southwestern of the Iberian Peninsula and bordered by Spain to the north and east, and the archipelagos of Madeira and the Azores in the Atlantic Ocean. The country has a population of over 11.4 million, and Lisbon, its capital, is the largest city. Portugal's internal waters and territorial sea together account for two-fifths of its territory, and its exclusive economic zone is one of Europe's largest, while its terrain contains a diverse range of landscapes and regional climates.

The western Iberian Peninsula has been inhabited since prehistory, with the earliest signs of settlement dating to between 5500 BC and 5300 BC. Portugal was established as a county of the Kingdom of León in 868, and formally as a kingdom in 1179 as a result of the Reconquista against the Muslims, who had occupied the Iberian Peninsula since 711. During the Age of Discovery, the kingdom made several advancements in nautical science and maritime exploration to discover new territories and sea routes, which led to the establishment of the Portuguese Empire. The kingdom became a republic in 1910 and was a dictatorship from 1926 until the dictatorship's overthrow in 1974 enabled the full establishment of democracy in 1976.

Portugal is a semi-presidential constitutional unitary republic and multi-party representative democracy with four separate sovereignty bodies: president, government, parliament, and judiciary. It has a unicameral national legislature known as the Assembly of the Republic. Portugal is divided into two autonomous regions and seven intermunicipal communities while it remains highly centralised. (Full article...)

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Coimbra, officially the City of Coimbra, is a city and a municipality in Portugal. The population of the municipality at the 2021 census was 140,796, in an area of 319.40 square kilometres (123.3 sq mi). It is the fourth-largest metropolitan area in Portugal after Lisbon, Porto, and Braga, and is the largest city of the district of Coimbra and the Central Region. About 460,000 people live in its intermunicipal community.

Among the many archaeological structures dating back to the Roman era, when Coimbra was the settlement of Aeminium, are its well-preserved aqueduct and cryptoporticus. Similarly, buildings from the period when Coimbra was the capital of Portugal (from 1131 to 1255) still remain. During the late Middle Ages, with its decline as the political centre of the Kingdom of Portugal, Coimbra began to evolve into a major cultural centre. This was in large part helped by the establishment of the first Portuguese university in 1290 in Lisbon and its relocation to Coimbra in 1308, making it the oldest academic institution in the Portuguese-speaking world. Apart from attracting many European and international students, the university is visited by many tourists for its monuments and history. Its historical buildings were classified as a World Heritage site by UNESCO in 2013: "Coimbra offers an outstanding example of an integrated university city with a specific urban typology as well as its own ceremonial and cultural traditions that have been kept alive through the ages." (Full article...)

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Samora Machel reviewing FRELIMO troops

The Mozambican War of Independence was an armed conflict between the guerrilla forces of the Mozambique Liberation Front (FRELIMO) and Portugal. The war officially started on 25 September 1964, and ended with a ceasefire on 8 September 1974, resulting in a negotiated independence in 1975.

Portugal's wars against guerrilla fighters seeking independence in its 400-year-old African territories began in 1961 with Angola. In Mozambique, the conflict erupted in 1964 as a result of unrest and frustration amongst many indigenous Mozambican populations, who perceived foreign rule as exploitation and mistreatment, which served only to further Portuguese economic interests in the region. Many Mozambicans also resented Portugal's policies towards indigenous people, which resulted in discrimination and limited access to Portuguese-style education and skilled employment. (Full article...)

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The following are images from various Portugal-related articles on Wikipedia.

Image 1Caretos in the carnival of Podence, Portugal (from Culture of Portugal)
Image 2Prehistoric Rock-Art Site of the Côa Valley (from Culture of Portugal)
Image 3António, Prior of Crato (from History of Portugal)
Image 4Ferdinand Magellan (Fernão de Magalhães) (from History of Portugal)
Image 5Caliphate disintegrated into small Taifas kingdoms in 1031. (from History of Portugal)
Image 6Aroeira 3 skull of 400,000 year old Homo heidelbergensis.
The oldest trace of human history in Portugal. (from History of Portugal)
Image 7Monarchist counter-revolutionary soldiers holding the flag of the monarchy after the capture of Porto in 1919. (from History of Portugal)
Image 8Sebastião José de Carvalho e Melo, Marquis of Pombal, Count of Oeiras (from History of Portugal)
Image 9Visigothic kingdom in Iberia from 625 to 711 (from History of Portugal)
Image 10"Festa da Coca" during the Corpus Christi celebration, in Monção, Portugal (from Culture of Portugal)
Image 11Portuguese colonies in Africa by the time of the Colonial War. (from History of Portugal)
Image 12John IV of Portugal (from History of Portugal)
Image 13Map of Brazil issued by Portuguese explorers in 1519 (from History of Portugal)
Image 14The Roman province of Hispania as occupied by the barbarian peoples c. 409–429 (from History of Portugal)
Image 15The main language areas in Iberia, c. 300 BC. (from History of Portugal)
Image 16Mértola's former mosque was transformed into a church in 1238. (from History of Portugal)
Image 17Most of Portugal and Spain as Caliphate of Córdoba circa 929 to 1031. (from History of Portugal)
Image 18Fernando Álvarez de Toledo, Duke of Alba (from History of Portugal)
Image 19Hispania c. 560: Suebi territory with its capital in Braga (blue); Visigothic territory with its capital in Toledo (olive green); Byzantine Empire territory (orange) (from History of Portugal)
Image 20The arrival of the Portuguese in Japan, the first Europeans to reach it, initiating the Nanban ("southern barbarian") period of active commercial and cultural exchange between Japan and the West. (from History of Portugal)
Image 21Dolmen of Cerqueira, Sever do Vouga (from History of Portugal)
Image 22Example of Castræ round houses, Citânia de Briteiros (from History of Portugal)
Image 23Portuguese guitars (from Culture of Portugal)
Image 24Chocalheiro of Bemposta (from Culture of Portugal)
Image 25The frontispiece of the 1826 Portuguese Constitution featuring King-Emperor Pedro IV and his daughter Queen Maria II (from History of Portugal)
Image 26Distribution of Germanic place names across the Iberian peninsula. Darker shades indicate higher concentration. (from History of Portugal)
Image 27Detail of the Saint Vincent Panels, by Nuno Gonçalves (from Culture of Portugal)
Image 28Carnival parade in Loulé, Algarve region. (from Culture of Portugal)
Image 29Portuguese discoveries and explorations: first arrival places and dates; main Portuguese spice trade routes in the Indian Ocean (blue); territories of the Portuguese Empire under King John III rule (1521–1557) (green). The disputed discovery of Australia is not shown. (from History of Portugal)
Image 30Prehistoric Rock Art Sites in the Côa Valley (from History of Portugal)
Image 31Typical Portuguese filigree heart shaped pendant, an iconic item in Portuguese fashion and design. (from Culture of Portugal)
Image 32Natural cork bags. (from Culture of Portugal)
Image 33The neighborhood of Parque das Nações, in Lisbon, where was held the 1998 World Exposition, is a symbol of the economic modernization and development of Portugal in the late 20th century. (from History of Portugal)
Image 34A bride and her groom in the carnival of Lazarim, Portugal (from Culture of Portugal)
Image 35Gomes da Costa and his troops march victorious into Lisbon on 6 June 1926. (from History of Portugal)
Image 36Megalithic spirals, cromlech near Évora (from History of Portugal)
Image 37Maios celebration in Madeira island [1] (from Culture of Portugal)
Image 38Monument of Pelagius at Covadonga where he won the Battle of Covadonga and initiated the Christian Reconquista of Iberia from the Islamic Moors. (from History of Portugal)
Image 39Rooster of Barcelos, the iconic Portuguese souvenir (from Culture of Portugal)
Image 40Portuguese rejoice during the 1975 Carnation Revolution. (from History of Portugal)
Image 41Vasco da Gama landing in Kerala, India (from History of Portugal)
Image 42 Flute player of Podence (from Culture of Portugal)
Image 43The Roman Provinces Lusitania and Gallaecia, after the reorganization of Diocletian AD 298 (from History of Portugal)
Image 44Gil Vicente, 16th-century Portuguese playwright (from Culture of Portugal)
Image 45The Battle of Guararapes (from History of Portugal)
Image 46Megalithic Monuments of Alcalar, built in the 3rd millennium BC (from History of Portugal)
Image 47Al-Andalus Province of Ummayad caliphate in 750. (from History of Portugal)
Image 48"Levantamento do mastro" in Fonte Arcada, Portugal (from Culture of Portugal)
Image 49This 1755 copper engraving shows the ruins of Lisbon in flames and a tsunami overwhelming the ships in the harbor. (from History of Portugal)
Image 50Map of Spain and Portugal showing the conquest of Hispania from 220 B.C. to 19 B.C. and provincial borders. It is based on other maps; the territorial advances and provincial borders are illustrative. (from History of Portugal)

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"Oh salted sea, how much of thy salt are tears of Portugal?"

Ó mar salgado quanto do teu sal são lágrimas de Portugal

Fernando Pessoa, poet

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The Lusitano, also known as the Pure Blood Lusitano or PSL (Puro Sangue Lusitano), is a Portuguese horse breed. Horses were known to be present on the Iberian Peninsula as far back as 20,000 BC, and by 800 BC the region was renowned for its war horses. The fame of the horses from Lusitania goes back to the Roman Age, which attributed its speed to the influence of the West wind, who was considered capable of fertilizing the mares. When the Muslims invaded Iberia in 711 AD, they brought Arabian horses with them that were crossed with the native horses, developing a horse that became useful for war, dressage and bull fighting. The Portuguese horse was named the Lusitano, after the word Lusitania, the ancient Roman name for the region that modern Portugal occupies. There are four main breed lineages within the breed today, and characteristics differ slightly between each line.

Lusitanos can be any solid color, although they are generally gray, bay or chestnut. Horses of the Alter Real strain are always brown. Members of the breed have convex facial profiles, heavy muscling, intelligent and willing natures, with agile and elevated movement. Originally bred for war, dressage and bullfighting, Lusitanos are still used today in the latter two. They have competed in several Olympics and World Equestrian Games as part of the Portuguese and Spanish dressage teams. They have also made a showing in driving competitions, with a Belgian team of Lusitanos winning multiple international titles. (Full article...)

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Anonymous portrait, c. 1525

Vasco da Gama (/ˌvæsku də ˈɡɑːmə, -ɡæmə/ VAS-koo də GA(H)M-ə, European Portuguese: [ˈvaʃku ðɐ ˈɣɐmɐ]; c. 1460s – 24 December 1524) was a Portuguese mariner, explorer and nobleman. His discovery of the first direct maritime route between Europe and India via the Cape of Good Hope and across the Indian Ocean from Malindi in Kenya to Kozhikode was to open up European exploration of, and commerce with, India, and is considered a landmark event and a turning point in world history.

Da Gama's first voyage (1497–1499) was the first to link Europe and Asia using an ocean route that rounded the southern tip of Africa, although he was not the first Portuguese mariner to round the Cape. This route allowed the Portuguese to avoid sailing across the disputed Mediterranean Sea and trading with Arab Eastern Mediterranean ports that embarked goods from land routes across the dangerous Arabian Peninsula. A milestone in Portuguese maritime exploration, his voyage marked the beginning of a sea-based phase of international eastern trade and an age of global imperialism. The Portuguese later established a long-lasting colonial empire along the route from Africa to Asia at the expense of the existing Arab eastern trade network. His outward and return voyages constituted the longest known ocean voyages ever completed at the time. (Full article...)

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Window of the Convent of the Order of Christ, in Tomar, a Templar stronghold built by Dom Gualdim Pais, provincial Master of the Order of the Temple in 1160.

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...that the reign of John III of Portugal was characterized by both the height of the Portuguese Empire political and mercantile power followed by the beginning of its decline?

...that the history of Portugal from 1777 to 1834 spans a complex period in which a constitutional monarchy was installed in the country, following the Napoleonic invasions of Portugal, the independence of Brazil, a liberal revolution in Porto and the civil war known as the Liberal Wars between the two princes: Pedro and Miguel.

...that the Democratic Party was a Portuguese political party closely associated with the history of the Portuguese First Republic, being the main political force in power from 1910 to 1926.

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Portugal lists

Biology
- List of Portuguese birds
Culture
- List of Portuguese Museums
Economy
- List of Portuguese companies
Education
- List of colleges and universities in Portugal
Geography
People
- List of Portuguese people
- List of Portuguese writers
Politics
Religion
- List of Cardinals from Portugal
- List of Bishops of Porto

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This is a list of recognized content, updated weekly by JL-Bot (talk · contribs) (typically on Saturdays). There is no need to edit the list yourself. If an article is missing from the list, make sure it is tagged (e.g. {{WikiProject Portugal}}) or categorized correctly and wait for the next update. See WP:RECOG for configuration options.

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Featured pictures

Acrididae grasshopper-2
Alcobaça October 2021-1
Amalia Rodrigues, Bestanddeelnr 922-1813 (cropped)
Anémona de mar común (Anemonia viridis), Parque natural de la Arrábida, Portugal, 2020-07-21, DD 07
Anémona incrustante amarilla (Parazoanthus axinellae), Parque natural de la Arrábida, Portugal, 2022-07-20, DD 49
Argiope July 2012-3
Azulejos Parque Eduardo VII-2
Bartolomeu Velho 1568
Batalha September 2021-2
Brazil 16thc map
Campilhas March 2015-1a
Carmen Miranda in That Night in Rio (1941)
CastleSaintGeorge
Cat November 2010-1a
Dragonfly Porto Covo August 2021-4
Erizo de mar violáceo (Sphaerechinus granularis), Madeira, Portugal, 2019-05-31, DD 40
Espirógrafo (Bispira volutacornis), Parque natural de la Arrábida, Portugal, 2020-07-23, DD 43
Espirógrafo (Sabella spallanzanii), Parque natural de la Arrábida, Portugal, 2020-07-23, DD 70
Estrella roja del Mediterráneo (Echinaster sepositus), Parque natural de la Arrábida, Portugal, 2020-07-31, DD 79
Faneca (Trisopterus luscus), Parque natural de la Arrábida, Portugal, 2022-07-29, DD 43
Gusano de fuego (Hermodice carunculata), Madeira, Portugal, 2019-05-31, DD 45
Hoverfly January 2008-6
Iberian Peninsula antique map
Iglesia de San Ildefonso, Oporto, Portugal, 2012-05-09, DD 01
Jorge Aguiar 1492 MR
Kiwifruit cross section
Lagoa do Capitão com montanha do pico
Lang's short tail blue (Leptotes pirithous) male underside
LuzLissabon
Marcelo Rebelo de Sousa (Web Summit)
Maria I, Queen of Portugal - Giuseppe Troni, atribuído (Turim, 1739-Lisboa, 1810) - Google Cultural Institute
Maria Isabel of Portugal in front of the Prado in 1829 by Bernardo López y piquer
Moma amarilla (Tripterygion delaisi), Parque natural de la Arrábida, Portugal, 2022-07-20, DD 29
Moma amarilla (Tripterygion delaisi), Parque natural de la Arrábida, Portugal, 2022-07-29, DD 32
Nazaré February 2013-12
Nicolaes Visscher - Pharnambuci (Pernambuco, Brazil)
POR-4-Imperial Treasury-2400 Reis (1798-99)
Papaver April 2010-9
Pez ballesta (Balistes capriscus), Parque natural de la Arrábida, Portugal, 2020-07-23, DD 24
Philip IV of Spain - Velázquez 1644
Polypogon monspeliensis (1)
Porto Covo Outubro 2014-3
Porto Covo pano April 2009-4
Porto3flat-cc-contr-oliv1002 edit2
Portugal 1729 8 Escudos
Pot-bellied pigs in Lisbon Zoo 2008
Puente Don Luis I, Oporto, Portugal, 2012-05-09, DD 13
Salmonete de roca (Mullus surmuletus), Parque natural de la Arrábida, Portugal, 2020-07-21, DD 59
Sepia común (Sepia officinalis), Parque natural de la Arrábida, Portugal, 2020-07-21, DD 62
Sintra Portugal Palácio da Pena-01
Spider and bee June 2008-1
Sunset 2007-1
Torre Belém April 2009-4a
Vagueta (Symphodus mediterraneus), Parque natural de la Arrábida, Portugal, 2022-07-19, DD 60
Vila Viçosa September 2013-25a
Wasp July 2008-1
Wasp May 2008-11
Wasp colony

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Portal:Portugal

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Picture of the day pictures

Acrididae grasshopper-2
Alcobaça October 2021-1
Amalia Rodrigues, Bestanddeelnr 922-1813 (cropped)
Anémona de mar común (Anemonia viridis), Parque natural de la Arrábida, Portugal, 2020-07-21, DD 07
Anémona incrustante amarilla (Parazoanthus axinellae), Parque natural de la Arrábida, Portugal, 2022-07-20, DD 49
Argiope July 2012-3
Azulejos Parque Eduardo VII-2
Bartolomeu Velho 1568
Batalha September 2021-2
Campilhas March 2015-1a
Carmen Miranda in That Night in Rio (1941)
CastleSaintGeorge
Cat November 2010-1a
Dragonfly Porto Covo August 2021-4
Erizo de mar violáceo (Sphaerechinus granularis), Madeira, Portugal, 2019-05-31, DD 40
Espirógrafo (Bispira volutacornis), Parque natural de la Arrábida, Portugal, 2020-07-23, DD 43
Espirógrafo (Sabella spallanzanii), Parque natural de la Arrábida, Portugal, 2020-07-23, DD 70
Estrella roja del Mediterráneo (Echinaster sepositus), Parque natural de la Arrábida, Portugal, 2020-07-31, DD 79
Faneca (Trisopterus luscus), Parque natural de la Arrábida, Portugal, 2022-07-29, DD 43
Gusano de fuego (Hermodice carunculata), Madeira, Portugal, 2019-05-31, DD 45
Hoverfly January 2008-6
Iberian Peninsula antique map
Iglesia de San Ildefonso, Oporto, Portugal, 2012-05-09, DD 01
Jorge Aguiar 1492 MR
Kiwifruit cross section
Lagoa do Capitão com montanha do pico
Lang's short tail blue (Leptotes pirithous) male underside
LuzLissabon
Marcelo Rebelo de Sousa (Web Summit)
Maria I, Queen of Portugal - Giuseppe Troni, atribuído (Turim, 1739-Lisboa, 1810) - Google Cultural Institute
Maria Isabel of Portugal in front of the Prado in 1829 by Bernardo López y piquer
Nazaré February 2013-12
POR-4-Imperial Treasury-2400 Reis (1798-99)
Papaver April 2010-9
Pez ballesta (Balistes capriscus), Parque natural de la Arrábida, Portugal, 2020-07-23, DD 24
Philip IV of Spain - Velázquez 1644
Polypogon monspeliensis (1)
Porto Covo pano April 2009-4
Porto3flat-cc-contr-oliv1002 edit2
Portugal 1729 8 Escudos
Pot-bellied pigs in Lisbon Zoo 2008
Puente Don Luis I, Oporto, Portugal, 2012-05-09, DD 13
Salmonete de roca (Mullus surmuletus), Parque natural de la Arrábida, Portugal, 2020-07-21, DD 59
Sepia común (Sepia officinalis), Parque natural de la Arrábida, Portugal, 2020-07-21, DD 62
Sintra Portugal Palácio da Pena-01
Spider and bee June 2008-1
Sunset 2007-1
Torre Belém April 2009-4a
Vila Viçosa September 2013-25a
Wasp July 2008-1
Wasp May 2008-11
Wasp colony

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