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Descendants of Elizabeth II

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Elizabeth II surrounded by her principal descendants and their spouses, 2012

Elizabeth II (21 April 1926 – 8 September 2022) was Queen of the United Kingdom from 1952 to 2022. She and her husband, Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh (10 June 1921 – 9 April 2021), had four children and eight grandchildren.

Married in November 1947, the couple lived at Clarence House and in Villa Guardamangia, Malta, prior to Elizabeth's accession to the throne.

All four of Elizabeth and Philip's children have children and descendants of their own. Their son Charles III became King of the United Kingdom, and their grandson William, Prince of Wales, is the British heir apparent.[1]

Background

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Queen Elizabeth II

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The daughter of George VI and Elizabeth Bowes-Lyon, Elizabeth and her sister, Margaret, were raised by multiple governesses[2] at 145 Piccadilly.[3] Following the outbreak of World War II, Elizabeth and Margaret were relocated to Windsor Castle. In the last year of the Second World War, Elizabeth served in the Women's Auxiliary Territorial Service.[2]

In 1951, as the health of her father, George VI, deteriorated, Elizabeth began to assume more ceremonial duties. On 6 February 1952, Elizabeth II became Queen of the United Kingdom upon her father's death.[2] One year later, she participated in her coronation at Westminster Abbey on 2 June 1953.[3] During Elizabeth's reign, various political and societal changes occurred in the United Kingdom, including the decline in the authority of the Church of England, the end of the Cold War, and the rise of multiculturalism.[2]

Elizabeth died in 2022 at Balmoral Castle.[4]

Prince Philip

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The only son of Prince Andrew of Greece and Denmark and Princess Alice of Battenberg, Philip was educated at Cheam School, Schule Schloss Salem, and Gordonstoun School. He joined the Royal Navy in 1939, later serving with distinction during World War II and becoming a lieutenant.[3]

In 1939, Philip escorted Elizabeth and her sister Margaret around Britannia Royal Naval College Dartmouth. Shortly afterwards, Elizabeth and Philip began exchanging correspondence. On 10 July 1947, their engagement was announced. Elizabeth and Philip later married on 20 November 1947.[3]

As Elizabeth's consort, Philip provided her companionship and moral support. He accompanied Elizabeth on her state visits and royal tours within the United Kingdom.[5] In addition, Philip was associated with approximately 1,000 organisations that supported various causes, including young people, nature conservation, and sports.[6]

Philip died in 2021 at Windsor Castle.[7]

Marriage

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See also: Wedding of Princess Elizabeth and Philip Mountbatten

Elizabeth and Philip were married in 1947. Following their wedding ceremony, they spent their honeymoon at Broadlands. Elizabeth and Philip later resided at Clarence House until the former became Queen of the United Kingdom in 1952. Moreover, they resided at Villa Guardamangia during her husband's naval posting to Malta.[3]

Family of Elizabeth II, Queen of the United Kingdom
Portrait Name Birth Death Descendants
Portrait of Queen Elizabeth II Elizabeth II, Queen of the United Kingdom

r. 1952[2]–2022[4]

21 April 1926[2] 8 September 2022[4] 4 children,[2] including:
Portrait of Prince Philip of the United Kingdom Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh 10 June 1921[8] 9 April 2021[7]

Children

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Elizabeth II and Philip sought to instil notions of duty and hard work into their four children. Their three sons, Charles, Andrew and Edward, all attended Gordonstoun School,[2][a] which their father had also attended.[2] Charles and Edward went on to study at the University of Cambridge. Also, all three sons served in the British Armed Forces. Charles and Andrew trained in the Royal Navy, whereas Edward trained in the Royal Marines.[2]

Neither Charles nor his sister, Anne, travelled with their parents in their childhood. Nevertheless, according to Anne, Philip tried to spend time with Charles and her before bedtime, giving them time to read or play. During his youth, Charles was sensitive and responded badly to criticism. Conversely, Anne was confident with an outgoing personality during her youth.[3]

Children of Elizabeth II, Queen of the United Kingdom
Portrait
 Name Birth Family
Portrait of King Charles III Charles III, King of the United Kingdom r. 2022–present[10] 14 November 1948[2] Married 1981, Diana Spencer (1961–1997)[8][b]

2 children[8]

Married 2005, Camilla Parker Bowles (born 1947)[12]
Portrait of Princess Anne of the United Kingdom Anne, Princess Royal 15 August 1950[2] Married 1973, Mark Phillips (born 1948)[8][c]

2 children[8]

Married 1992, Timothy Laurence (born 1955)[8]
Portrait of Andrew Mountbatten-Windsor Andrew Mountbatten-Windsor 19 February 1960[2] Married 1986, Sarah Ferguson (born 1959)[8][d]

2 children[8]

Portrait of Prince Edward, Duke of Edinburgh Prince Edward, Duke of Edinburgh 10 March 1964[2] Married 1999, Sophie Rhys-Jones (born 1965)[8]

2 children[13]

Grandchildren

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Children of Charles and Diana

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In November 1977, Prince Charles met Diana Spencer for the first time. After a courtship, Charles and Diana became engaged in February 1981. They subsequently married on 29 July 1981.[3]

Charles and Diana became the parents of two boys, William and Harry, who were known as the heir and spare, respectively.[2] Diana raised their children in an atypical manner for British royal children. For example, she took William with her on a royal tour of Australia with Charles in 1983. Moreover, Diana brought William and Harry to Thorpe Park.[3]

During his marriage to Diana, Charles engaged in an affair with Camilla Parker Bowles.[e] In turn, Diana, deprived of emotional support from Charles, engaged in her own affairs,[2] including with James Hewitt.[3] Combined with the age difference between Charles and Diana, his affair with Camilla caused his marriage with Diana to collapse. Charles and Diana separated in 1992 and eventually divorced in July 1996.[3]

Children of Charles III, King of the United Kingdom
Portrait Name Birth Family
Portrait of Prince William William, Prince of Wales 21 June 1982[8] Married 2011, Catherine Middleton (born 1982) and has 3 children:[14]
Portrait of Prince Harry Prince Harry, Duke of Sussex 15 September 1984[8] Married 2018, Meghan Markle[14] (born 1981[3][15]) and has 2 children[15]

Children of Anne and Mark

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In 1968, Princess Anne met Mark Phillips in Mexico City.[17] Despite unfavourable impressions of Mark from Elizabeth II, Philip, and Charles,[3] Mark proposed to Anne in May 1973, and the two married on 14 November 1973.[17] Anne and Mark had two children: Peter and Zara.[3] Neither Peter nor Zara, who both grew up at Gatcombe Park, was given royal titles. Moreover, Zara has expressed gratitude for not receiving a royal title.[18]

Shortly after Anne gave birth to Zara, Anne and Mark began to become more emotionally distant in their relationship.[17] In 1985, Mark was named in a paternity suit as the father of a child from an affair.[3] Ultimately, Anne and Mark separated in 1989. They divorced in 1992.[17]

Children of Anne, Princess Royal
Portrait Name Birth Family
Portrait of Peter Phillips Peter Phillips 15 November 1977[8] Married 2008, Autumn Kelly (born 1978[19])[18][f] and has 2 children[18]
  • Savannah Phillips (born 2010)[18]
  • Isla Phillips (born 2012)[18]
Married 2026, Harriet Sperling[21] (born 1980)[22]
Portrait of Zara Tindall Zara Phillips 15 May 1981[18] Married 2011, Mike Tindall[18] (born 1978[23]) and has 3 children[18]
  • Mia Tindall (born 2014)[18]
  • Lena Tindall (born 2018)[18]
  • Lucas Tindall (born 2021)[18]

Children of Andrew and Sarah

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In 1985, Andrew met Sarah Ferguson at Windsor Castle.[g] In March 1986, they announced their engagement,[25] eventually marrying on 23 July 1986.[2] Andrew and Sarah had two children: Beatrice and Eugenie.[25] Growing up, Beatrice and Eugenie attended Christmas services at St Mary Magdalene Church, Sandringham, and the Royal Ascot with the rest of the British royal family.[26]

Andrew and Sarah separated in 1992, followed by their divorce in 1996.[25] Nevertheless, they have maintained an amicable relationship.[26]

Children of Andrew Mountbatten-Windsor
Portrait Name Birth Family
Portrait of Princess Beatrice Princess Beatrice 8 August 1988[8] Married 2020, Edoardo Mapelli Mozzi[26] (born 1983[27]) and has 2 children[26]
  • Sienna Mapelli Mozzi (born 2021)[26]
  • Athena Mapelli Mozzi (born 2025)[26]
Portrait of Princess Eugenie Princess Eugenie 23 March 1990[8] Married 2018, Jack Brooksbank[28] (born 1986[29]) and has 2 children[29]
  • August Philip Hawke Brooksbank (born 2021)[26]
  • Ernest George Ronnie Brooksbank (born 2023)[26]

Children of Edward and Sophie

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Contrary to speculation that Edward would remain unmarried, Prince Edward wed Sophie Rhys-Jones on 19 June 1999.[2] Edward and Sophie had met at a real tennis event in 1993, and they announced their engagement in January 1999.[13]

Edward and Sophie have two children: Louise and James.[13] Sophie prematurely gave birth to Louise, which resulted in her having esotropia. Moreover, Edward and Sophie have opted not to style Louise and James as a British princess and British prince, respectively, raising them with the understanding that they will work for a living.[30]

Children of Prince Edward, Duke of Edinburgh
Portrait Name Birth
Portrait of Lady Louise Windsor Lady Louise Mountbatten-Windsor 8 November 2003[13]
Portrait of James, Earl of Wessex James Mountbatten-Windsor, Earl of Wessex 17 December 2007[13]

See also

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Footnotes

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Notes

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  1. ^ "For the three boys [(the future) Charles III, Andrew and Edward], their training began with attendance at Gordonstoun School, a public (fee-paying) school in the Scottish Highlands ... Philip had himself been at the school."[9]
  2. ^ Charles and Diana divorced in 1996.[11]
  3. ^ Anne and Mark divorced in 1992.[11]
  4. ^ Andrew and Sarah divorced in 1996.[11]
  5. ^ Charles and Camilla eventually married in 2005.[11]
  6. ^ Peter and Autumn divorced in 2021.[20]
  7. ^ Andrew and Sarah had previously met as children.[24]

Citations

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  1. ^ "The Prince of Wales". The Royal Family. Archived from the original on 9 May 2016. Retrieved 16 May 2026.
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s Crofton, Ian (2011). The Kings & Queens of England. Metro Books. ISBN 978-1-4351-2965-8.
  3. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o Ryan, Catherine (2022). The Queen: The Life and Times of Elizabeth II. Chartwell Books. ISBN 978-1-57715-331-3.
  4. ^ a b c "Announcement of the death of The Queen" (Press release). The Royal Household. 8 September 2022. Archived from the original on 11 September 2022. Retrieved 15 May 2026.
  5. ^ "Consort to Her Majesty The Queen". The Royal Family. n.d. Archived from the original on 31 January 2026. Retrieved 15 May 2026.
  6. ^ "The Duke's Charities and Patronages". The Royal Family. n.d. Archived from the original on 9 January 2026. Retrieved 15 May 2026.
  7. ^ a b "Announcement of the death of The Duke of Edinburgh" (Press release). The Royal Household. 9 April 2021. Archived from the original on 5 May 2021. Retrieved 15 May 2026.
  8. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n Willis, Daniel A. (2002). The Descendants of King George I of Great Britain. Genealogical Publishing Co., Inc. ISBN 0-8063-5172-1.
  9. ^ Crofton 2011, p. 242.
  10. ^ "The King". The Royal Family. Biography. Archived from the original on 25 February 2024. Retrieved 15 May 2026.
  11. ^ a b c d Crofton 2011.
  12. ^ "The Queen". The Royal Family. Archived from the original on 11 October 2018. Retrieved 15 May 2026.
  13. ^ a b c d e "The Duke of Edinburgh". The Royal Family. Archived from the original on 7 May 2026. Retrieved 15 May 2026.
  14. ^ a b c d e f Jobson, Robert (2024). Catherine, the Princess of Wales: The Biography. Pegasus Books, Ltd. ISBN 978-1-63936-712-2.
  15. ^ a b Sanchez, Rosa (4 August 2025). "Duchess Meghan Is All Grace in a Never-Before-Seen Portrait". Harper's Bazaar. Hearst Magazine Media, Inc. Archived from the original on 18 May 2026. Retrieved 16 May 2026.
  16. ^ Contino, Kristin (4 June 2025). "Princess Lilibet Has Prince Harry's Eyes in Adorable New Fourth Birthday Photos". Marie Claire. Future US, Inc. Archived from the original on 2 June 2026. Retrieved 16 May 2026.
  17. ^ a b c d O'Brien, Ellen (4 January 2026). "Princess Anne's Relationships: What to Know About Her Marriage to Sir Timothy Laurence—And Her 6 Past Romances". Brides. People Inc. Archived from the original on 25 September 2025. Retrieved 15 May 2026.
  18. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k Banks, Emma (11 April 2026). "All About Princess Anne's Two Kids, Peter Phillips and Zara Tindall (and Why They Weren't Given Royal Titles)". InStyle. People Inc. Retrieved 15 May 2026.
  19. ^ Harris, Carolyn (8 November 2022). "Autumn Phillips". The Canadian Encyclopedia. Historica Canada. Retrieved 16 May 2026.
  20. ^ Banks 2026.
  21. ^ Boobyer, Leigh; Bouverie, Alice (7 June 2026). "King's nephew Peter Phillips marries NHS nurse". British Broadcasting Corporation. Archived from the original on 7 June 2026. Retrieved 8 June 2026.
  22. ^ Bickerstaff, Isaac (6 June 2026). "Who is Harriet Sperling? Everything you need to know about the NHS nurse as she marries Peter Phillips". Tatler. Condé Nast Britain. Archived from the original on 8 June 2026. Retrieved 8 June 2026.
  23. ^ Braybrook, Rebecca (2 November 2022). "Mike Tindall: who is the royal family member set to appear on I'm A Celebrity, Get Me Out Of Here?". Yorkshire Evening Post. Archived from the original on 27 April 2025. Retrieved 21 June 2026.
  24. ^ Savin 2025.
  25. ^ a b c Savin, Jennifer (22 December 2025). "The deeply messy timeline of (former Prince) Andrew and Sarah Ferguson's relationship". Cosmopolitan. Hearst UK. Retrieved 15 May 2026.
  26. ^ a b c d e f g h Weaver, Emily (23 March 2026). "Ex-Prince Andrew's 2 Children: All About Princess Beatrice and Princess Eugenie". People. Archived from the original on 3 November 2025. Retrieved 15 May 2026.
  27. ^ Jureidini, Ben (19 November 2025). "Who is Edoardo Mapelli Mozzi? Princess Beatrice's husband, a design tycoon and Italian of noble blood". Tatler. Condé Nast Britain. Archived from the original on 11 June 2026. Retrieved 10 June 2026.
  28. ^ "Princess Eugenie and Mr Jack Brooksbank's Wedding Day in Windsor". The Royal Family. 12 October 2018. Archived from the original on 10 August 2025. Retrieved 15 May 2026.
  29. ^ a b Sarkar, Ishani (7 May 2026). "Meet Princess Eugenie's husband, Jack Brooksbank, with whom she's expecting a third child". South China Morning Post. Alibaba Group Holding Limited. Archived from the original on 13 May 2026. Retrieved 15 May 2026.
  30. ^ Gibson, Kelsie (10 March 2023). "All About Lady Louise and James, Viscount Severn — Prince Edward and Sophie's Kids". People. Archived from the original on 26 April 2025. Retrieved 15 May 2026.

Further reading

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