Wikipedia:Featured article candidates/Dualism/archive1
- The following is an archived discussion of a featured article nomination. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the article's talk page or in Wikipedia talk:Featured article candidates. No further edits should be made to this page.
The article was promoted by FrB.TG via FACBot (talk) 22:35 22 May 2026 [1] FACBot (talk) 23:05, 22 May 2026 (UTC).
- Nominator(s): Phlsph7 (talk) 13:13, 31 March 2026 (UTC)
Dualism is a family of views proposing a fundamental division into two separate principles or kinds. Dualist views span many domains and disciplines, including theories such as mind–body dualism about a sharp divide between mind and matter, ethical dualism about good and evil as antagonistic forces, and epistemological dualism about a fundamental gap between experience and reality. Thanks to BorgQueen for the suggestion to tackle this article, to Shapeyness for the GA review, and to Streded for the peer review. Phlsph7 (talk) 13:13, 31 March 2026 (UTC)
Image review
[edit]Here shall be an image review from me! Arconning (talk) 13:53, 31 March 2026 (UTC)
- File:Dualism.svg - CC0
- File:Mind-body dualism.svg - CC0
- File:Ethical dualism.svg - CC0
- File:Theological dualism.svg - CC0
- File:Platonic dualism.svg - CC0
- File:Epistemological dualism.svg - CC0
- File:Kapila (cropped).png - Public Domain
- File:Yin yang.svg - Public Domain
- File:Frans Hals - Portret van René Descartes.jpg - Public Domain
- All of the images have alt-text for accessibility, proper captioning, and are all relevant to the article.
- Passing image review.
- @Arconning: Thanks for the image review! Phlsph7 (talk) 16:44, 31 March 2026 (UTC)
- Passing image review.
Streded
[edit]This is my first ever attempt to review a featured article candidate. I'm not sure how to format it, so I'll improvise. Streded (talk) 15:36, 31 March 2026 (UTC)
- Hi Streded and thanks for giving FA reviewing a try! There is no fixed format here and different reviewers use different styles, so improvising in line with Wikipedia commonsense should be fine. Phlsph7 (talk) 17:28, 31 March 2026 (UTC)
General comments
[edit]- The article is well-written, as required in the WP:FACRITERIA.
- The article seems comprehensive. As I noted in the peer review, there are aspects of the subject that the article doesn't cover, but to the best of my knowledge, no sources exist that cover them and this will probably stay that way for the foreseeable future.
- The sources used indicate a thorough and representative survey of the relevant literature. I have yet to review whether the citations are well-placed and support the content that cites them. I'll try to do some spot checks later.
- The article is neutral. It seems to present dualist and anti-dualist points of view fairly and proportionately for an an article about dualism. It mentions criticism of the concept itself as a precise analytical category. It features dualist thought from diverse cultures and philosophical traditions.
- Aside from incremental improvement by the nominator, the article is stable.
- I haven't noticed overly closed paraphrasing, but I haven't checked this thoroughly.
- The first paragraph of the lead section summarizes the first section. The second paragraph summarizes sections 2–7. The third paragraph summarizes the eighth and final section. All summaries seem fair.
- The structure seems good.
- I see no issue with Arconning's review of the images.
- The article doesn't seem to go into excessive detail, but I haven't checked this thoroughly. Also, it covers the term "dualism" to some extent in addition to the subject itself. I think this is mostly fine, since you'd expect to see coverage of the term in a "Definition" section, and the criticism regarding the vagueness of the term also concerns the concept itself. Still, I hope that the focus on terms as opposed to concepts can be decreased.
Spot checks
[edit]- § History, third paragraph:
- Replace "Yingyang" with "yinyang".
- Changed. Phlsph7 (talk) 17:28, 31 March 2026 (UTC)
- Replace "arose" with more specific wording, since Wang doesn't suggest that the yinyang school existed at any time outside the 1st millennium BCE.
- I changed it to "flourished" but I'm not sure if that's what you meant. Unfortunately, we have to remain vague concerning the timeframe since sources are themselves not certain about it. Phlsph7 (talk) 17:28, 31 March 2026 (UTC)
- This addresses the problem I had, but now it's more positive than the source actually supports. How about "was active"? Streded (talk) 03:35, 1 April 2026 (UTC)
- I don't think it's a peacock term in this context, but "was active" works also, so I changed it. Phlsph7 (talk) 09:45, 1 April 2026 (UTC)
- Having encountered this in another article, I understand now. From now on, whenever you use the word "flourished" in this sense, please link to floruit (although I personally prefer "was active"). Streded (talk) 09:28, 8 April 2026 (UTC)
- I don't think it's a peacock term in this context, but "was active" works also, so I changed it. Phlsph7 (talk) 09:45, 1 April 2026 (UTC)
- Consider noting the relationship between the dualism of yin and yang and the dualism of being and non-being, using Ko's statement that [t]he ultimate dimension of non-being transcends the contradictory phenomenon of yin and yang.
- Added. Phlsph7 (talk) 17:28, 31 March 2026 (UTC)
- Is it true that non-being remains unaffected by phenomena according to Wang Bi? Ko says that his major concern is how to keep the realm of non-being unfettered from changes in the phenomenal world. The foundational nature of non-being implies that non-being shouldn't be affected by anything, but the statement from Ko is very confusing.
- It probably depends on whether you can interpret the term "unfettered" in a different way. However, this part is not essential, so I replaced it with your suggestion about about transcending yin and yang. Phlsph7 (talk) 17:28, 31 March 2026 (UTC)
- I like this change. What confused me was "his major concern is how to keep". It seems to suggest that Wang Bi endeavored to protect the realm of non-being from changes in the phenomenal world. I know this is a nonsensical interpretation, but that's how it reads to me. Streded (talk) 17:36, 31 March 2026 (UTC)
- It probably depends on whether you can interpret the term "unfettered" in a different way. However, this part is not essential, so I replaced it with your suggestion about about transcending yin and yang. Phlsph7 (talk) 17:28, 31 March 2026 (UTC)
- Replace "Yingyang" with "yinyang".
- After digging into it, I'm certain that the yingyang school that Wang describes is actually the School of Naturalists. Wang's book Yinyang: The Way of Heaven and Earth in Chinese Thought and Culture makes it clear. Please pipelink yinyang school of thought to School of Naturalists. Also, Needham's Science and Civilisation in China, volume 2, chapter 13, sections (c) and (e) is a great source about this school of thought and the origin of the yin-yang dualism. I recommend reading it if you ever have the time. Streded (talk) 05:35, 1 April 2026 (UTC)
- I added the wikilink. I'll look into the book when I have the time. Phlsph7 (talk) 09:48, 1 April 2026 (UTC)
Hi Streded, just checking whether you are satisfied with the responses so far and whether you have more suggestions. Phlsph7 (talk) 09:09, 8 April 2026 (UTC)
- I currently have no issue or suggestion regarding the article, and see no reason it shouldn't be promoted to FA. I still plan to continue my spot checks (probably today). Streded (talk) 09:35, 8 April 2026 (UTC)
- @Streded: that sounds good. For concluding the review, it would be good if you could state whether you "support" or "oppose" the nomination so assessing consensus is easier for the coordinators. Phlsph7 (talk) 08:41, 14 April 2026 (UTC)
MSincccc
[edit]- Placeholder. MSincccc (talk) 16:22, 31 March 2026 (UTC)
- Hi, MSincccc, nice to see you for another review! Phlsph7 (talk) 17:31, 31 March 2026 (UTC)
- @Phlsph7 I am currently involved in three active nominations at FAC, one of which I intend to conclude by tomorrow. I have also promised another user a review, which can be done in parallel with yours, have an open listing at PR of my own, and am preparing for my next set of examinations.
- So this might take some time, but I look forward to another engaging read. Cheers. MSincccc (talk) 17:46, 31 March 2026 (UTC)
- Thanks for the heads-up. The nomination just started, so there is no rush. Phlsph7 (talk) 09:51, 1 April 2026 (UTC)
- Hi, MSincccc, nice to see you for another review! Phlsph7 (talk) 17:31, 31 March 2026 (UTC)
- Lead
- As an initial comment, I would suggest adding the relevant language template ("Use... English") to the mainspace. MSincccc (talk) 16:37, 31 March 2026 (UTC)
- Added. Phlsph7 (talk) 17:31, 31 March 2026 (UTC)
- Definition and related terms
- You could tweak the section heading to include "etymology".
- It could be done but it would make the section heading longer than it needs to be. Phlsph7 (talk) 09:38, 8 April 2026 (UTC)
- You could link to linguistic systems.
- Added. Phlsph7 (talk) 09:38, 8 April 2026 (UTC)
- For instance, the metaphysical pluralism of the pre-Socratic philosopher
- How about linking "pre-Socratic philosopher" as a whole to Pre-Socratic philosophy?
- Normally, I would have. but since "Empedocles" is already linked, this would turn into a WP:SEAOFBLUE. Phlsph7 (talk) 09:38, 8 April 2026 (UTC)
- How about linking "pre-Socratic philosopher" as a whole to Pre-Socratic philosophy?
- Since monism, dualism, and other forms of pluralism
- Do we need the comma after "and"?
- I don't think there should be a comma after "and". The comma before the "and" is the Oxford comma. As I understand it, the comma is not mandatory in general but it's needed here for consistency. Phlsph7 (talk) 09:38, 8 April 2026 (UTC)
- Do we need the comma after "and"?
- they differ from nihilist or eliminativist theories
- How about linking to the article Nihilism?
- Added. Phlsph7 (talk) 09:38, 8 April 2026 (UTC)
- How about linking to the article Nihilism?
- "differ from each other by the type of division and principles they posit" → "differ in the type of division and principles they posit"
- Reformulated. Phlsph7 (talk) 09:38, 8 April 2026 (UTC)
- "shaping how to understand" → "shaping how we understand"
- While philosophical texts use this kind of language, I'm careful because it usually doesn't take long until someone complains about MOS:WE. Phlsph7 (talk) 09:38, 8 April 2026 (UTC)
- The first known use was in 1794 by the satirist and scholar Thomas James Mathias.
- You could link to satirist as done in Mathias' article.
- I linked Satire instead. Phlsph7 (talk) 09:38, 8 April 2026 (UTC)
- You could link to satirist as done in Mathias' article.
A few minor suggestions to begin with. I will take a look at the lead at the end. MSincccc (talk) 12:05, 6 April 2026 (UTC)
- Hey MSincccc, just checking whether you have had the time to take at look at other parts of the article. Phlsph7 (talk) 08:36, 14 April 2026 (UTC)
- I have not had much time yet, as I still have Rain World's FAC to conclude, along with some commitments both on- and off-wiki. However, I expect to leave a few more comments by tomorrow. MSincccc (talk) 09:12, 14 April 2026 (UTC)
- Mind-body dualism
- objects but also contents of consciousness, including cognitions and emotions.
- I remember how "cognitions" was noted at the Cognition FAC. Drop the "s"?
- Done. Phlsph7 (talk) 08:27, 16 April 2026 (UTC)
- I remember how "cognitions" was noted at the Cognition FAC. Drop the "s"?
- a mental pain experience,
- How about "an experience of mental pain" or you might even rephrase it?
- Changed. Phlsph7 (talk) 08:27, 16 April 2026 (UTC)
- How about "an experience of mental pain" or you might even rephrase it?
- explaining how or why the two separate realms are synchronized
- Do we need to mention "separate"?
- Removed. Phlsph7 (talk) 08:27, 16 April 2026 (UTC)
- Do we need to mention "separate"?
MSincccc (talk) 16:35, 15 April 2026 (UTC)
- Religious dualisms
- "principles or personified as rivaling deities" → "principles or personified as rival deities"
- Changed. Phlsph7 (talk) 08:15, 17 April 2026 (UTC)
- "the good as the singular foundational principle" → "the good as a singular foundational principle"
- I think "the" is better to emphasizes that there is only one. Phlsph7 (talk) 08:15, 17 April 2026 (UTC)
- helping popularize the term
- How about "helping to popularize"?
- Reformulated. Phlsph7 (talk) 08:15, 17 April 2026 (UTC)
- How about "helping to popularize"?
- forces that are actively in conflict with each other
- We could drop "that are".
- Removed. Phlsph7 (talk) 08:15, 17 April 2026 (UTC)
- We could drop "that are".
- As interdependent forces, neither one is ranked above the other.
- Do we need "one"?
- Removed. Phlsph7 (talk) 08:15, 17 April 2026 (UTC)
- Do we need "one"?
MSincccc (talk) 07:22, 17 April 2026 (UTC)
- Platonic dualism
- None here except a few stylistic suggestions.
MSincccc (talk) 09:39, 17 April 2026 (UTC)
- Epistemological dualism
- "perception is not directly in touch with the world" → "perception is not in direct contact with the world"
- A suggestion.
- Changed. Phlsph7 (talk) 07:55, 18 April 2026 (UTC)
- A suggestion.
- which represent or stand for those objects but are not identical to them
- Do we need "stand for" here?
- Removed. Phlsph7 (talk) 07:55, 18 April 2026 (UTC)
- Do we need "stand for" here?
- Other forms
- "in the field of metaphysics" → "in metaphysics"
- Changed. Phlsph7 (talk) 07:55, 18 April 2026 (UTC)
- Criticisms
- However, some arguments seek to undermine dualism as a whole
- Do we need "as a whole" here?
- It's not necessary, but I think it's helpful to emphasize the contrast to specific types of dualism. Phlsph7 (talk) 07:55, 18 April 2026 (UTC)
- Do we need "as a whole" here?
- "general patterns found in most or all of its forms"
→ "general patterns in most or all of its forms"
- A minor suggestion.
- Changed. Phlsph7 (talk) 07:55, 18 April 2026 (UTC)
- A minor suggestion.
- History
- The link to Pythagoreanism might confuse readers into thinking it is about his followers rather than his and his followers' ideas.
- I think it's close enough in this context to avoid WP:EASTEREGG. Phlsph7 (talk) 07:55, 18 April 2026 (UTC)
- Is the Is–ought problem different from Hume's law?
- I think for the context here, we can treat them as synonyms. I adjusted the formulation. Phlsph7 (talk) 07:55, 18 April 2026 (UTC)
- "challenged that forms have independent existence"
→ "challenged the view that forms have independent existence"
- More idiomatic?
- Changed. Phlsph7 (talk) 07:55, 18 April 2026 (UTC)
- More idiomatic?
- Lead
- "a family of views proposing a fundamental division"
→ "a family of views that propose a fundamental division"
- Changed. Phlsph7 (talk) 07:55, 18 April 2026 (UTC)
- Bottom line
- That's all from me. This one came across as a bit shorter than your previous FAC submissions, but then again, it explains a lot too well to be rephrased now. MSincccc (talk) 06:33, 18 April 2026 (UTC)
- I appreciate all the helpful suggestions! I hope I didn't miss any. Phlsph7 (talk) 07:55, 18 April 2026 (UTC)
- It has taken a bit longer, apologies for having forgotten it briefly due to everything else that's going on.
- Happy to support. MSincccc (talk) 09:18, 18 April 2026 (UTC)
- I appreciate all the helpful suggestions! I hope I didn't miss any. Phlsph7 (talk) 07:55, 18 April 2026 (UTC)
Source review
[edit]I'll do a source review for this. Shapeyness (talk) 03:11, 6 April 2026 (UTC)
- I did spotchecks for the good article nomination and found no issues with source-text integrity, close paraphrasing, or plagiarism.
- There are some url= that I think should be chapter-url=
- Changed. Phlsph7 (talk) 09:38, 6 April 2026 (UTC)
- Some Google Books links have an access date, others don't
- Since they are typically offline books, I think none should have access dates. I removed them. Phlsph7 (talk) 09:38, 6 April 2026 (UTC)
- Some SEP links have access date, others don't
- As online articles, I think all should have access dates. I added them. Phlsph7 (talk) 09:38, 6 April 2026 (UTC)
- Fontaine 2023 should be in title case
- Changed. Phlsph7 (talk) 09:38, 6 April 2026 (UTC)
- Gerson 1986 - doi not found
- Fixed. Phlsph7 (talk) 09:38, 6 April 2026 (UTC)
- Hill 2019 - I think the date should be 2008 (per title and copyright in frontmatter), also I think this should maybe be cited as a journal article (link to journal special issue here)
- I changed the date and used the journal template instead. Phlsph7 (talk) 09:38, 6 April 2026 (UTC)
- Kissi, Dompere Kofi (2017) I believe should be Dompere, Kofi Kissi (2017) - I'm not very aware of the publisher but it seems ok here
- Fixed. Phlsph7 (talk) 09:38, 6 April 2026 (UTC)
- Rich 2017 - this is a reliable source but I think for FA I would want sources within academic philosophy to satisfy HQRS for philosophy content
- I replaced it with a better source. Phlsph7 (talk) 09:38, 6 April 2026 (UTC)
- Sahakian 1974 - I wasn't sure about Barnes & Noble as a publisher here, but it appears to be part of a university textbook series and the author looks all ok, plus it is used in a citation with plenty of other supporting sources so I think this is fine
- All other sources used are HQRS
- Hi Shapeyness, thank you for taking care of the source review! I addressed your points, I hope I didn't miss anything. Phlsph7 (talk) 09:38, 6 April 2026 (UTC)
- @Phlsph7: I made some small changes, I think the new Blackburn source needs a page range. Shapeyness (talk) 12:56, 6 April 2026 (UTC)
- The changes look good. I added the page information for Blackburn. Phlsph7 (talk) 09:14, 7 April 2026 (UTC)
- Thanks Phlsph7, the source review is a pass. I also support this article for FA based on my assessment at GAN; the only things I noticed then that would hold it back from FA were source-related issues that have now been resolved. Shapeyness (talk) 12:02, 8 April 2026 (UTC)
- Thanks for the support and all the help with the GA review and the source review! Phlsph7 (talk) 17:13, 8 April 2026 (UTC)
- Thanks Phlsph7, the source review is a pass. I also support this article for FA based on my assessment at GAN; the only things I noticed then that would hold it back from FA were source-related issues that have now been resolved. Shapeyness (talk) 12:02, 8 April 2026 (UTC)
- The changes look good. I added the page information for Blackburn. Phlsph7 (talk) 09:14, 7 April 2026 (UTC)
Support from Hawkeye7
[edit]I have read through the article a few times and can see no issues. It takes what is a complex subject and makes an intelligible Wikipedia article from it. I support its promotion to Featured Article status. Hawkeye7 (discuss) 23:21, 21 April 2026 (UTC)
- Hi Hawkeye7, thanks a lot for reviewing the article and for your support! Phlsph7 (talk) 09:15, 22 April 2026 (UTC)
Support from BP!
[edit]This subject isn’t my area of expertise, but it was written very well after I read it. Despite its complexity, Phlsph7 definitely nailed it again! 🍕BP!🍕 (🔔) 02:44, 25 April 2026 (UTC)
- Hi Boneless Pizza!, thank you for the feedback and the support! Phlsph7 (talk) 08:27, 25 April 2026 (UTC)
Drive-by comment from Noleander
[edit]- "Mind–body substance dualism became a central topic in early modern Western philosophy following the works of René Descartes. It was largely replaced by materialist monism in the course of the 20th century." [emphasis added] To me, that is ambiguous and can be read two different ways:
- Western philosophy focused on dualism for awhile around the time of Descartes; later, other topics became the focus of Western philosophy, and dualism fell out of favor (not because it was flawed, but philosophers moved on to other interests)
- Western philosophy considered dualism as an important concept around the time of Descartes, but they later found it to be flawed (or otherwise deficient) and so dualism was superseded by other concepts that resolved the shortcomings.
- Could a word or two be added to that sentence to let readers know which of those two is more accurate? Noleander (talk) 17:51, 1 May 2026 (UTC)
- Hi Noleander, thanks for your input. The answer about the correct interpretation probably depends on whether you ask a dualist or a materialist. I added a clarification to explain that they disagree about the same issue without stating in Wikivoice that one is objectively superior to the other since this debate is not conclusively settled. Phlsph7 (talk) 12:44, 2 May 2026 (UTC)
Query
[edit]@FAC coordinators: May I start another nomination? This one has four supports, an image review, a source review, and is over 1 month old. Phlsph7 (talk) 08:03, 11 May 2026 (UTC)
- Yes. FrB.TG (talk) 09:27, 11 May 2026 (UTC)
- Closing note: This candidate has been promoted, but there may be a delay in bot processing of the close. Please see WP:FAC/ar, and leave the {{featured article candidates}} template in place on the talk page until the bot goes through. FrB.TG (talk) 22:34, 22 May 2026 (UTC)
- The above discussion is preserved as an archive. Please do not modify it. No further edits should be made to this page.