Tetracyanoborate
| Names | |
|---|---|
| IUPAC name
Tetrakis(cyano-kappaC)borate(1-)
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| Identifiers | |
3D model (JSmol)
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| ChemSpider | |
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| Properties | |
| C4BN4− | |
| Molar mass | 114.88 g·mol−1 |
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
| |
Tetracyanoborate ([1] tetracyanidoborate,[2] or tetracyanoboranuide) is an anion or salt of this anion. It has four cyano groups attached to a central boron atom. The formula is [B(CN)4]−.
The anion is weakly coordinating and stable in conjunction with the hydronium ion H3O+.[3]
Tetracyanoborate can form ionic liquids with unsymmetrical quaternary nitrogen cyclic cations.[4] These are under investigation as carbon dioxide absorbers for use in carbon capture and storage.[5] They are also used as electrolytes in supercapacitors and electric batteries.[6]
Tetracyanoborate compounds were first made by Eduard Bernhardt and team in 2000 after previous failed attempts in the 1950s.[7]
Production
[edit]Tetrabutylammonium bromide can react with boron trihalides and potassium cyanide to yield tetrabutylammonium tetracyanoborate.[7]
Tetrafluoroborate salts can react with Me3SiCN when catalysed with Lewis acids to substitute fluoride with cyanide yielding tetracyanoborates.[8]
Hydrogen tetracyanoborate can react with metal oxides or hydroxides to yield tetracyanoborate salts.
Potassium tetracyanoborate can react in a metastases with another metal salt to yield insoluble tetracyanoborates.
A low cost generation route is to use potassium fluoroborate with excess lithium chloride and potassium cyanide with a metal hydroxide.[7]
Related ions
[edit]The related hexacyanodiborane(6) dianion [B2(CN)6]2− has a boron to boron bond, and forms salts.[9]
The tricyanoborate dianion B(CN)32− can be used to generate various other substituted tricyanoborate ions.
The tetrakis(trifluoromethyl)borate anion, [B(CF3)4]- is also weakly coordinating and stable.[10]
List
[edit]| name | formula | crystal | space group | unit cell | volume | density | comment | reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| lithium tetracyanoborate | Li[B(CN)4] | cubic | P43m | a = 5.4815 Z = 1 | 164.702 | 1.228 | colourless; zero thermal expansion | [3][11][12] |
| bis(12-crown-4)-lithium tetracyanidoborate | [Li(C8H16O4)2][B(CN)4] | orthorhombic | Pnna | a=10.9239 b=20.2493 c=11.3254 | [13] | |||
| (μ2- tetracyanidoborate)-(15-crown-5)-lithium | [Li(C10H20O5)][B(CN)4] | monoclinic | P21/c | a=15.8412 b=16.1149 c=16.3793 β=116.468° | [13] | |||
| Ph3C+[B(CN)4]− | [3] | |||||||
| ammonium tetracyanoborate | [NH4][B(CN)4] | tetragonal | I41/a | a = 7.132 c = 14.745 Z = 4 | 750.0 | 1.177 | colourless | [11] |
| [NH4][B(CN)4]·THF | orthorhombic | Pnma | a = 8.831 b = 9.366 c = 15.061 Z = 4 | 1245.7 | 1.093 | colourless | [11] | |
| [CH3NH3][B(CN)4] | monoclinic | P21/c | a=7.5865 b=16.504 c=6.5100 β=93.512° | [3] | ||||
| N-methylmethanaminium tetrakis(cyano)borate | [(CH3)2NH2][B(CN)4] | tetragonal | I41/acd | a=12.8185 c=24.269 Z=16 | 3987.7 | 1.073 | melt 129 °C | [14] |
| tetrabutylammonium tetracyanoborate | [Bu4N][B(CN)4] | orthorhombic | Pnma | a = 17.765 b = 11.650 c = 11.454 Z = 4 | 2370.5 | colourless; melt 316.2K | [15][16] | |
| 1-ethyl-3 methylimidazolium tetracyanoborate | liquid | [3] | ||||||
| 1-hexyl-3-methylimidazolium tetracyanoborate | liquid | [3] | ||||||
| 1-butyl-2-methyl-3-methylimidazolinium tetracyanoborate | liquid | [17] | ||||||
| 1-butyl-1-methylpyrolidinium tetracyanoborate | [BMPyr][B(CN)4] | liquid | [17] | |||||
| 1-butyl-1-methylpiperidinium tetracyanoborate | liquid | [17] | ||||||
| 1-pentyl-1-methylpyrolidinium tetracyanoborate | liquid | [17] | ||||||
| spiro-(1,1′)-bipyrrolidinium tetracyanoborate | Organic ionic plastic crystal>−55 °C; mp 242 °C | [18] | ||||||
| 4-(pyridin-4-yl)pyridin-1-ium tetrakis(cyano)borate | monoclinic | P21/c | a=8.3394 b=9.7679 c=17.6562 β=96.127° Z=4 | 1430.0 | 1.264 | melt 214 °C | [14] | |
| N-benzyl-N,N-dibutylbutan-1-aminium tetrakis(cyano)borate | orthorhombic | Pna21 | a=18.8990 b=15.6383 c=8.4712 Z=8 | 2136.8 | 1.212 | melt 59 °C | [14] | |
| (S)-Alanine ethyl ester tetracyanidoborate | (C5H12NO)[B(CN)4] | monoclinic | C2 | a=17.059 b=8.7467 c=18.855 β=111.468° Z=8 | 2618.2 | melt 110 °C; colourless | [19] | |
| Pyridinium tetracyano-borate | orthorhombic | Pbca | a=13.200 b=7.600 c=21.300 Z=4 | 2503.7 | 1.038 | melt 137 °C | [14] | |
| tetrabutulphosphonium tetracyanoborate | nBu4P[B(CN)4] | melt 316.2K | [16] | |||||
| tetraphenylphosphonium tetracyanoborate | Ph4P[B(CN)4] | melt 466.2 | [16] | |||||
| [nBuPh3P][B(CN)4] | melt 73 °C dec 374 °C | [20] | ||||||
| [EtPh3P][B(CN)4] | orthorhombic | Pnna | a = 14.1777 b = 13.4214 c = 12.3199 Z = 4 | 2344.29 | 1.151 | melt 98 °C dec 370 °C | [20] | |
| [nBu4P][B(CN)4] | orthorhombic | Pnna | a = 18.2187 b = 12.0707 c = 11.6704 Z = 4 | 2566.5 | 0.968 | melt 73 °C dec 372 °C | [20] | |
| [Ph4P][B(CN)4] | tetragonal | I42d | a = 12.948 c = 29.382 Z = 8 | 4925 | 1.225 | melt 193 °C dec 390 °C | [20] | |
| 2-hydroxyethyl-triphenylphosphonium tetracyanidoborate | C20H20OP[B(CN)4] | monoclinic | P21/n | a = 14.1418 b = 10.5821 c = 15.4684 β = 94.622° | 2307.32 | colourless; | [21] | |
| triphenyl-N-(triphenylphosphoranylidene)phosphoraniminium tetrakis(cyano)borate | monoclinic | P21/n | a=10.732 b=24.966 c=13.375 β=101.77° Z=4 | 3508 | 1.237 | melt 162 °C | [14] | |
| H[B(CN)4] | [3] | |||||||
| hydroxonium tetracyanoborate | H3O[B(CN)4] | [3] | ||||||
| H5O2[B(CN)4] | [3] | |||||||
| sodium tetracyanoborate | Na[B(CN)4] | cubic | Fd3m | a = 11.680 Z = 8 | 1593.4 | 1.150 | colourless; giant negative thermal expansion 100K to 650K | [3][11][22] |
| Na[B(CN)4]·THF, | orthorhombic | Pnma | a = 13.908 b = 9.288 c = 8.738 Z = 4 | 1128.8 | 1.236 | colourless | [11] | |
| 12-crown-4 | [Na(C8H16O4)2][B(CN)4] | orthorhombic | Pnna | a=10.8630 b=20.619 c=11.3489 | [13] | |||
| 15-crown-5 | [Na(C10H20O5)][B(CN)4] | monoclinic | P21/c | a=12.8859 b=14.2646 c=10.0379 β=91.975° | [13] | |||
| Mg[B(CN)4]2 | ||||||||
| [Mg(H2O)2][B(CN)4]2 | tetragonal | I43d | a=12.3940 c=9.2041 Z=4 | 1413.85 | 1.363 | [23] | ||
| [Mg(H2O)6][B(CN)4]2 | triclinic | P1 | a=9.0078 b=9.7507 c=11.589 α=82.034° β=68.642° γ=72.303° Z=2 | 902.7 | 1.333 | [23] | ||
| [Mg(DMF)6][B(CN)4]2 | triclinic | P1 | a=8.6187 b=11.1119 c=12.2149 α=66.0996° β=75.570° γ=76.422° Z=1 | 1023.9 | 1.123 | [23] | ||
| potassium tetracyanoborate | K[B(CN)4] | cubic | I41/a | a = 6.976 c = 14.210 Z = 4 | 691.5 | [3][15] | ||
| [Ca(H2O)3][B(CN)4]2 | triclinic | P1 | a=9.5347 b=10.2205 c=10.4874 α=68.283° β=89.223° γ=63.152 Z=2 | 832.45 | 1.292 | [23] | ||
| [Ca(H2O)2(CH3CN)][B(CN)4]2 | monoclinic | P21/c | a=12.2203 b=12.6637 c=13.5191 β=116.538 | 1871.71 | 1.231 | [23] | ||
| Na[B(CN)4{Cr(CO)5}] | [24] | |||||||
| Na[B(CN)4{Cr(CO)5}2] | [24] | |||||||
| Na[B(CN)4{Cr(CO)5}3] | [24] | |||||||
| Na[B(CN)4{Cr(CO)5}4] | [24] | |||||||
| Na2[{Cr(CO)4(B(CN)4)}2] | [24] | |||||||
| Na4[{Cr(CO)3(B(CN)4)}4] | cube shaped complex | [24] | ||||||
| [FeII{κ2ΝB(CN)4]}2] | [25] | |||||||
| [FeII(H2O)2{κ2ΝB(CN)4]}2] | tetragonal | I42d | a = 12.3662 c = 9.2066 Z = 4 | [25] | ||||
| [FeIII(H2O)6][B(CN)4]3 | rhombohedral | R3c | a = 14.9017 c = 20.486 Z = 6 | [25] | ||||
| [Fe(DMF)6][B(CN)4] | triclinic | P1 | a = 8.6255(3) Å, b = 11.0544(4) Å, c = 12.2377 α=65.987° β=75.521° γ=76.639° Z = 1 | [23][25] | ||||
| Co[B(CN)4]2·2H2O | tetragonal | I42d | a=12.2922 c=9.2235 Z=4 | [26] | ||||
| Ni[B(CN)4]2·0.5H2O | [27] | |||||||
| bis((ethane-1,2-diyl)-bis(diphenylphosphine))-nickel(ii) bis[tetrakis(cyanido)borate] | [Ni(dppe)2][B(CN)4]2 | monoclinic | P21/c | a =18.4584 b=13.3628 c =22.9747 β =105.253° | yellow | [27] | ||
| hexakis(pyridine N-oxide)-nickel(ii) bis[tetrakis(cyanido)borate] | [Ni(pyNO)6][B(CN)4]2 | R3 | a=12.9613 c =22.6070 | yellow | [27] | |||
| tetrakis(dimethyl sulfoxide)-bis(tetrakis(cyanido)borate)-nickel | Ni(DMSO)4{NC-B(CN)3}2 | triclinic | P1 | a=8.9732 b=10.0327 c=16.9838 α=82.303° β=81.013° γ=72.357° | colourless | [27] | ||
| bis((ethane-1,2-diyl)bis[oxo(diphenyl)-phosphine])-bis(tetrakis(cyanido)borate)-nickel(ii) dichloromethane solvate | Ni(dppeO2)2{NC-B(CN)3}2 | triclinic | P1 | a=10.9158 b=12.8898 c=13.2656 α=64.935° β=89.842° γ =72.389° | [27] | |||
| cuprous tetracyanoborate | Cu[B(CN)4] | cubic | Fd3m | a = 5.4314 Z = 1 | 160.23 | 1.849 | colourless | [11][28] |
| Cu[B(CN)4]2 | monoclinic | C2/m | a = 13.185 b = 7.2919 c = 6.029 β = 93.02° Z = 2 | [29] | ||||
| zinc tetracyanoborate | Zn[B(CN)4]2 | trigonal | P3m1 | a = 7.5092 c = 6.0159 Z = 1 | [30] | |||
| [Zn(DMF)6][B(CN)4] | triclinic | P1 | [23] | |||||
| rubidium tetracyanoborate | Rb[B(CN)4] | tetragonal | I41/a | a = 7.1354 c = 14.8197 Z = 4 | 754.53 | 1.764 | colourless | [11] |
| Y(H2O)7{κ1N-B(CN)4}][B(CN)4]2 | [31] | |||||||
| Y(H2O)8][B(CN)4]3·3H2O | [31] | |||||||
| [Y(H2O)8{B(CN)4}3]·H2O | monoclinic | C2/c | a=16.0468 b=20.5478 c=21.1799 β=112.259° | [32] | ||||
| [Y(EtOH)(H2O)4{B(CN)4}3]·EtOH | orthorhobic | P212121 | a=13.204 b=13.793 c=17.041 | [32] | ||||
| [Ru(Cp)(C6H6)]B(CN)4 | [33] | |||||||
| [Ru4(Cp)4{B(CN)4}4] | [33] | |||||||
| Ag[B(CN)4] | cubic | P 43m | a = 5.732 Z = 1 | 188.3 | negative thermal expansion 100-600K | [15][34] | ||
| caesium tetracyanoborate | Cs[B(CN)4] | tetragonal | I41/a | a = 7.300 c = 15.340 Z=4 | 817.5 | 2.013 | colourless | [11] |
| La{B(CN)4}3(H2O)5]·0.5H2O | monoclinic | P21/n | [35] | |||||
| 1∞[La(NO3)2[B(CN)4](H2O)4] | monoclinic | P21/c | a=11.902 b=11.629 c=10.850 β=111.77° Z=4 | 1394.7 | 2.143 | colourless | [36] | |
| EMIM 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium | [EMIM] 1∞[LaNO3{B(CN)4}3(H2O)3] | monoclinic | P121/n1 | a=9.561 b=20.688 c=16.487 β=104.85° Z=4 | 3152 | 1.498 | colourless | [36] |
| La(EtOH)3(H2O)2{B(CN)4}3 | monoclinic | P21/n | a=10.443 b=17.973 c=17.484 β=97.843° | [32] | ||||
| La(EtOH)(H2O)4{B(CN)4} ·Et2O | orthorhombic | Pbca | a=18.513 b=19.067 c=21.460 | [32] | ||||
| Ce{B(CN)4}3(H2O)5]·0.5H2O | monoclinic | P21/n | a=15.3808 b=10.8020 c=33.2887 β=103.250° Z=4 | 5383.5 | 1.443 | [35] | ||
| Pr{B(CN)4}3(H2O)5]·0.5H2O | monoclinic | P21/n | a=15.393 b=10.777 c=33.205 β=102.961° Z=4 | 5368 | [35] | |||
| [Pr(H2O)9][B(CN)4]3·(CH3)2CO | monoclinic | C2/c | a=16.119 b=20.638 c=21.572 β=111.961° | [32] | ||||
| Nd{B(CN)4}3(H2O)5]·0.5H2O | monoclinic | P21/n | a=15.357 b=10.740 c=33.224 β=102.769° Z=4 | 5344 | [35] | |||
| Sm{B(CN)4}3(H2O)5]·0.5H2O | monoclinic | P21/n | a=15.328 b=10.714 c=33.055 β=102.68° Z=4 | 5300 | [35] | |||
| Gd{B(CN)4}3(H2O)5]·0.5H2O | monoclinic | P21/n | a=15.304 b=10.673 c=32.999 β=102.609° Z=4 | 5260 | [35] | |||
| Eu[B(CN)4]2•THF | cubic | Fm3m | a=12.2898 Z=4 | 1856.25 | 1.624 | [37] | ||
| Eu{B(CN)4}3(H2O)5]·0.5H2O | monoclinic | P21/n | a=15.336 b=10.709=33.076 β=102.652° Z=4 | 5300 | [35] | |||
| Tb(H2O)7{κ1N-B(CN)4}][B(CN)4]2 | [31] | |||||||
| Tb(H2O)8][B(CN)4]3·3H2O | monoclinic | C2/c | a=15.9786 b=20.5317 c=21.1413 β=112.226° | [31] | ||||
| Dy(H2O)7{κ1N-B(CN)4}][B(CN)4]2 | [31] | |||||||
| Dy(H2O)8][B(CN)4]3·3H2O | monoclinic | C2/c | a=16.0293 b=20.5472 c=21.1881 β=112.234° | [31] | ||||
| Ho(H2O)7{κ1N-B(CN)4}][B(CN)4]2 | [31] | |||||||
| Ho(H2O)8][B(CN)4]3·3H2O | monoclinic | C2/c | [31] | |||||
| Er(H2O)7{κ1N-B(CN)4}][B(CN)4]2 | monoclinic | P21/n | a=13.7705 b=21.2528 c=19.1657 β=96.501° | [31] | ||||
| [Er(H2O)8][B(CN)4]3·(CH3)2CO | monoclinic | C2/c | a=16.2090 b=20.5676 c=21.2564 β=112.379° | [32] | ||||
| Tm(H2O)7{κ1N-B(CN)4}][B(CN)4]2 | [31] | |||||||
| Tm(H2O)8][B(CN)4]3·3H2O | monoclinic | C2/c | [31] | |||||
| Yb(H2O)7{κ1N-B(CN)4}][B(CN)4]2 | [31] | |||||||
| Yb(H2O)8][B(CN)4]3·3H2O | [31] | |||||||
| Yb[B(CN)4]2•THF | cubic | Fm3m | a=12.1147 Z=4 | 1778 | [37] | |||
| Lu(H2O)7{κ1N-B(CN)4}][B(CN)4]2 | [31] | |||||||
| Lu(H2O)8][B(CN)4]3·3H2O | monoclinic | C2/c | [31] | |||||
| [Lu(EtOH)(H2O)7][B(CN)4]3·EtOH·0.5H2O | [32] | |||||||
| thallium tetracyanoborate | Tl[B(CN)4] | tetragonal | I41/a | a = 7.0655 c = 14.6791 Z = 4 | 732.57 | 2.895 | colourless | [11] |
| Mercury(II)-bis(tetracyanoborate) | Hg[B(CN)4]2 | trigonal | P3m1 | a = 7.8175 c = 6.0168 Z=1 | 318.44 | 2.244 | [38][39] | |
| Dimercury(I)-bis(tetracyanoborate) | Hg2[B(CN)4]2 | orthorhombic | Pbcm | a = 5.689 b = 32.809 c = 6.0168 Z = 4 | 1389.6 | 3.016 | [38][39] | |
| (μ-aqua)-bis(μ-tetracyanoborate)-aqua-lead | Pb2(H2O)4{B(CN)4}4 | triclinic | P1 | a=9.4912 b=9.901 c=10.1044 α=107.457° β=115.926° γ=101.328° | 753.0 | 2.086 | soluble in methanol and acetonitrile | [40] |
| (μ-acetato)-(μ-tetracyanoborate)-ethanol-lead | Pb2(O2CCH3)2{B(CN)4}2(C2H5OH)2 | monoclinic | P21/n | a=7.9955 b=17.4564 c=9.9725 β=97.429° | 1380.2 | 2.056 | [40] |
References
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