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Tetracyanoborate

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Tetracyanoborate
Names
IUPAC name
Tetrakis(cyano-kappaC)borate(1-)
Identifiers
3D model (JSmol)
ChemSpider
  • InChI=1S/C4BN4/c6-1-5(2-7,3-8)4-9/q-1
    Key: KDCFMDHINPOTEA-UHFFFAOYSA-N
  • N#C[B-](C#N)(C#N)C#N
Properties
C4BN4
Molar mass 114.88 g·mol−1
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).

Tetracyanoborate ([1] tetracyanidoborate,[2] or tetracyanoboranuide) is an anion or salt of this anion. It has four cyano groups attached to a central boron atom. The formula is [B(CN)4].

The anion is weakly coordinating and stable in conjunction with the hydronium ion H3O+.[3]

Tetracyanoborate can form ionic liquids with unsymmetrical quaternary nitrogen cyclic cations.[4] These are under investigation as carbon dioxide absorbers for use in carbon capture and storage.[5] They are also used as electrolytes in supercapacitors and electric batteries.[6]

Tetracyanoborate compounds were first made by Eduard Bernhardt and team in 2000 after previous failed attempts in the 1950s.[7]

Production

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Tetrabutylammonium bromide can react with boron trihalides and potassium cyanide to yield tetrabutylammonium tetracyanoborate.[7]

Tetrafluoroborate salts can react with Me3SiCN when catalysed with Lewis acids to substitute fluoride with cyanide yielding tetracyanoborates.[8]

Hydrogen tetracyanoborate can react with metal oxides or hydroxides to yield tetracyanoborate salts.

Potassium tetracyanoborate can react in a metastases with another metal salt to yield insoluble tetracyanoborates.

A low cost generation route is to use potassium fluoroborate with excess lithium chloride and potassium cyanide with a metal hydroxide.[7]

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The related hexacyanodiborane(6) dianion [B2(CN)6]2− has a boron to boron bond, and forms salts.[9]

The tricyanoborate dianion B(CN)32− can be used to generate various other substituted tricyanoborate ions.

The tetrakis(trifluoromethyl)borate anion, [B(CF3)4]- is also weakly coordinating and stable.[10]

List

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name formula crystal space group unit cell volume density comment reference
lithium tetracyanoborate Li[B(CN)4] cubic P43m a = 5.4815 Z = 1 164.702 1.228 colourless; zero thermal expansion [3][11][12]
bis(12-crown-4)-lithium tetracyanidoborate [Li(C8H16O4)2][B(CN)4] orthorhombic Pnna a=10.9239 b=20.2493 c=11.3254 [13]
2- tetracyanidoborate)-(15-crown-5)-lithium [Li(C10H20O5)][B(CN)4] monoclinic P21/c a=15.8412 b=16.1149 c=16.3793 β=116.468° [13]
Ph3C+[B(CN)4] [3]
ammonium tetracyanoborate [NH4][B(CN)4] tetragonal I41/a a = 7.132 c = 14.745 Z = 4 750.0 1.177 colourless [11]
[NH4][B(CN)4]·THF orthorhombic Pnma a = 8.831 b = 9.366 c = 15.061 Z = 4 1245.7 1.093 colourless [11]
[CH3NH3][B(CN)4] monoclinic P21/c a=7.5865 b=16.504 c=6.5100 β=93.512° [3]
N-methylmethanaminium tetrakis(cyano)borate [(CH3)2NH2][B(CN)4] tetragonal I41/acd a=12.8185 c=24.269 Z=16 3987.7 1.073 melt 129 °C [14]
tetrabutylammonium tetracyanoborate [Bu4N][B(CN)4] orthorhombic Pnma a = 17.765 b = 11.650 c = 11.454  Z = 4  2370.5 colourless; melt 316.2K [15][16]
1-ethyl-3 methylimidazolium tetracyanoborate liquid [3]
1-hexyl-3-methylimidazolium tetracyanoborate liquid [3]
1-butyl-2-methyl-3-methylimidazolinium tetracyanoborate liquid [17]
1-butyl-1-methylpyrolidinium tetracyanoborate [BMPyr][B(CN)4] liquid [17]
1-butyl-1-methylpiperidinium tetracyanoborate liquid [17]
1-pentyl-1-methylpyrolidinium tetracyanoborate liquid [17]
spiro-(1,1)-bipyrrolidinium tetracyanoborate Organic ionic plastic crystal>−55 °C; mp 242 °C [18]
4-(pyridin-4-yl)pyridin-1-ium tetrakis(cyano)borate monoclinic P21/c a=8.3394 b=9.7679 c=17.6562 β=96.127° Z=4 1430.0 1.264 melt 214 °C [14]
N-benzyl-N,N-dibutylbutan-1-aminium tetrakis(cyano)borate orthorhombic Pna21 a=18.8990 b=15.6383 c=8.4712 Z=8 2136.8 1.212 melt 59 °C [14]
(S)-Alanine ethyl ester tetracyanidoborate (C5H12NO)[B(CN)4] monoclinic C2 a=17.059 b=8.7467 c=18.855 β=111.468° Z=8 2618.2  melt 110 °C; colourless [19]
Pyridinium tetracyano-borate orthorhombic Pbca a=13.200 b=7.600 c=21.300 Z=4 2503.7 1.038 melt 137 °C [14]
tetrabutulphosphonium tetracyanoborate nBu4P[B(CN)4] melt 316.2K [16]
tetraphenylphosphonium tetracyanoborate Ph4P[B(CN)4] melt 466.2 [16]
[nBuPh3P][B(CN)4] melt 73 °C dec 374 °C [20]
[EtPh3P][B(CN)4] orthorhombic Pnna a = 14.1777 b = 13.4214 c = 12.3199 Z = 4 2344.29 1.151 melt 98 °C dec 370 °C [20]
[nBu4P][B(CN)4] orthorhombic Pnna a = 18.2187 b = 12.0707 c = 11.6704 Z = 4 2566.5 0.968 melt 73 °C dec 372 °C [20]
[Ph4P][B(CN)4] tetragonal I42d a = 12.948 c = 29.382 Z = 8 4925 1.225 melt 193 °C dec 390 °C [20]
2-hydroxyethyl-triphenylphosphonium tetracyanidoborate C20H20OP[B(CN)4] monoclinic P21/n a = 14.1418 b = 10.5821 c = 15.4684 β = 94.622° 2307.32 colourless; [21]
triphenyl-N-(triphenylphosphoranylidene)phosphoraniminium tetrakis(cyano)borate monoclinic P21/n a=10.732 b=24.966 c=13.375 β=101.77° Z=4 3508 1.237 melt 162 °C [14]
H[B(CN)4] [3]
hydroxonium tetracyanoborate H3O[B(CN)4] [3]
H5O2[B(CN)4] [3]
sodium tetracyanoborate Na[B(CN)4] cubic Fd3m a = 11.680 Z = 8 1593.4 1.150 colourless; giant negative thermal expansion 100K to 650K [3][11][22]
Na[B(CN)4]·THF, orthorhombic Pnma a = 13.908 b = 9.288 c = 8.738 Z = 4 1128.8 1.236 colourless [11]
12-crown-4 [Na(C8H16O4)2][B(CN)4] orthorhombic Pnna a=10.8630 b=20.619 c=11.3489 [13]
15-crown-5 [Na(C10H20O5)][B(CN)4] monoclinic P21/c a=12.8859 b=14.2646 c=10.0379 β=91.975° [13]
Mg[B(CN)4]2
[Mg(H2O)2][B(CN)4]2 tetragonal I43d a=12.3940 c=9.2041 Z=4 1413.85 1.363 [23]
[Mg(H2O)6][B(CN)4]2 triclinic P1 a=9.0078 b=9.7507 c=11.589 α=82.034° β=68.642° γ=72.303° Z=2 902.7 1.333 [23]
[Mg(DMF)6][B(CN)4]2 triclinic P1 a=8.6187 b=11.1119 c=12.2149 α=66.0996° β=75.570° γ=76.422° Z=1 1023.9 1.123 [23]
potassium tetracyanoborate K[B(CN)4] cubic I41/a a = 6.976 c = 14.210  Z = 4  691.5 [3][15]
[Ca(H2O)3][B(CN)4]2 triclinic P1 a=9.5347 b=10.2205 c=10.4874 α=68.283° β=89.223° γ=63.152 Z=2 832.45 1.292 [23]
[Ca(H2O)2(CH3CN)][B(CN)4]2 monoclinic P21/c a=12.2203 b=12.6637 c=13.5191 β=116.538 1871.71 1.231 [23]
Na[B(CN)4{Cr(CO)5}] [24]
Na[B(CN)4{Cr(CO)5}2] [24]
Na[B(CN)4{Cr(CO)5}3] [24]
Na[B(CN)4{Cr(CO)5}4] [24]
Na2[{Cr(CO)4(B(CN)4)}2] [24]
Na4[{Cr(CO)3(B(CN)4)}4] cube shaped complex [24]
[FeII2ΝB(CN)4]}2] [25]
[FeII(H2O)22ΝB(CN)4]}2] tetragonal I42d a = 12.3662 c = 9.2066 Z = 4 [25]
[FeIII(H2O)6][B(CN)4]3 rhombohedral R3c a = 14.9017 c = 20.486 Z = 6 [25]
[Fe(DMF)6][B(CN)4] triclinic P1 a = 8.6255(3) Å, b = 11.0544(4) Å, c = 12.2377 α=65.987° β=75.521° γ=76.639° Z = 1 [23][25]
Co[B(CN)4]2·2H2O tetragonal I42d a=12.2922 c=9.2235 Z=4 [26]
Ni[B(CN)4]2·0.5H2O [27]
bis((ethane-1,2-diyl)-bis(diphenylphosphine))-nickel(ii) bis[tetrakis(cyanido)borate] [Ni(dppe)2][B(CN)4]2 monoclinic P21/c a =18.4584 b=13.3628 c =22.9747 β =105.253° yellow [27]
hexakis(pyridine N-oxide)-nickel(ii) bis[tetrakis(cyanido)borate] [Ni(pyNO)6][B(CN)4]2 R3 a=12.9613 c =22.6070 yellow [27]
tetrakis(dimethyl sulfoxide)-bis(tetrakis(cyanido)borate)-nickel Ni(DMSO)4{NC-B(CN)3}2 triclinic P1 a=8.9732 b=10.0327 c=16.9838 α=82.303° β=81.013° γ=72.357° colourless [27]
bis((ethane-1,2-diyl)bis[oxo(diphenyl)-phosphine])-bis(tetrakis(cyanido)borate)-nickel(ii) dichloromethane solvate Ni(dppeO2)2{NC-B(CN)3}2 triclinic P1 a=10.9158 b=12.8898 c=13.2656 α=64.935° β=89.842° γ =72.389° [27]
cuprous tetracyanoborate Cu[B(CN)4] cubic Fd3m a = 5.4314 Z = 1 160.23 1.849 colourless [11][28]
Cu[B(CN)4]2 monoclinic C2/m a = 13.185 b = 7.2919 c = 6.029 β = 93.02° Z = 2 [29]
zinc tetracyanoborate Zn⁢[B⁢(CN)4]2 trigonal P3m1 a = 7.5092 c = 6.0159 Z = 1 [30]
[Zn(DMF)6][B(CN)4] triclinic P1 [23]
rubidium tetracyanoborate Rb[B(CN)4] tetragonal I41/a a = 7.1354 c = 14.8197 Z = 4 754.53 1.764 colourless [11]
Y(H2O)71N-B(CN)4}][B(CN)4]2 [31]
Y(H2O)8][B(CN)4]3·3H2O [31]
[Y(H2O)8{B(CN)4}3]·H2O monoclinic C2/c a=16.0468 b=20.5478 c=21.1799 β=112.259° [32]
[Y(EtOH)(H2O)4{B(CN)4}3]·EtOH orthorhobic P212121 a=13.204 b=13.793 c=17.041 [32]
[Ru(Cp)(C6H6)]B(CN)4 [33]
[Ru4(Cp)4{B(CN)4}4] [33]
Ag[B(CN)4] cubic P 43m a = 5.732 Z = 1 188.3 negative thermal expansion 100-600K [15][34]
caesium tetracyanoborate Cs[B(CN)4] tetragonal I41/a a = 7.300 c = 15.340 Z=4 817.5 2.013 colourless [11]
La{B(CN)4}3(H2O)5]·0.5H2O monoclinic P21/n [35]
1[La(NO3)2[B(CN)4](H2O)4] monoclinic P21/c a=11.902 b=11.629 c=10.850 β=111.77° Z=4 1394.7 2.143 colourless [36]
EMIM 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium [EMIM] 1[LaNO3{B(CN)4}3(H2O)3] monoclinic P121/n1 a=9.561 b=20.688 c=16.487 β=104.85° Z=4 3152 1.498 colourless [36]
La(EtOH)3(H2O)2{B(CN)4}3 monoclinic P21/n a=10.443 b=17.973 c=17.484 β=97.843° [32]
La(EtOH)(H2O)4{B(CN)4} ·Et2O orthorhombic Pbca a=18.513 b=19.067 c=21.460 [32]
Ce{B(CN)4}3(H2O)5]·0.5H2O monoclinic P21/n a=15.3808 b=10.8020 c=33.2887 β=103.250° Z=4 5383.5 1.443 [35]
Pr{B(CN)4}3(H2O)5]·0.5H2O monoclinic P21/n a=15.393 b=10.777 c=33.205 β=102.961° Z=4 5368 [35]
[Pr(H2O)9][B(CN)4]3·(CH3)2CO monoclinic C2/c a=16.119 b=20.638 c=21.572 β=111.961° [32]
Nd{B(CN)4}3(H2O)5]·0.5H2O monoclinic P21/n a=15.357 b=10.740 c=33.224 β=102.769° Z=4 5344 [35]
Sm{B(CN)4}3(H2O)5]·0.5H2O monoclinic P21/n a=15.328 b=10.714 c=33.055 β=102.68° Z=4 5300 [35]
Gd{B(CN)4}3(H2O)5]·0.5H2O monoclinic P21/n a=15.304 b=10.673 c=32.999 β=102.609° Z=4 5260 [35]
Eu[B(CN)4]2•THF cubic Fm3m a=12.2898 Z=4 1856.25 1.624 [37]
Eu{B(CN)4}3(H2O)5]·0.5H2O monoclinic P21/n a=15.336 b=10.709=33.076 β=102.652° Z=4 5300 [35]
Tb(H2O)71N-B(CN)4}][B(CN)4]2 [31]
Tb(H2O)8][B(CN)4]3·3H2O monoclinic C2/c a=15.9786 b=20.5317 c=21.1413 β=112.226° [31]
Dy(H2O)71N-B(CN)4}][B(CN)4]2 [31]
Dy(H2O)8][B(CN)4]3·3H2O monoclinic C2/c a=16.0293 b=20.5472 c=21.1881 β=112.234° [31]
Ho(H2O)71N-B(CN)4}][B(CN)4]2 [31]
Ho(H2O)8][B(CN)4]3·3H2O monoclinic C2/c [31]
Er(H2O)71N-B(CN)4}][B(CN)4]2 monoclinic P21/n a=13.7705 b=21.2528 c=19.1657 β=96.501° [31]
[Er(H2O)8][B(CN)4]3·(CH3)2CO monoclinic C2/c a=16.2090 b=20.5676 c=21.2564 β=112.379° [32]
Tm(H2O)71N-B(CN)4}][B(CN)4]2 [31]
Tm(H2O)8][B(CN)4]3·3H2O monoclinic C2/c [31]
Yb(H2O)71N-B(CN)4}][B(CN)4]2 [31]
Yb(H2O)8][B(CN)4]3·3H2O [31]
Yb[B(CN)4]2•THF cubic Fm3m a=12.1147 Z=4 1778 [37]
Lu(H2O)71N-B(CN)4}][B(CN)4]2 [31]
Lu(H2O)8][B(CN)4]3·3H2O monoclinic C2/c [31]
[Lu(EtOH)(H2O)7][B(CN)4]3·EtOH·0.5H2O [32]
thallium tetracyanoborate Tl[B(CN)4] tetragonal I41/a a = 7.0655 c = 14.6791 Z = 4 732.57 2.895 colourless [11]
Mercury(II)-bis(tetracyanoborate) Hg⁢[B⁢(CN)4]2 trigonal P3m1 a = 7.8175 c = 6.0168 Z=1 318.44 2.244 [38][39]
Dimercury(I)-bis(tetracyanoborate) Hg2[B(CN)4]2 orthorhombic Pbcm a = 5.689 b = 32.809 c = 6.0168 Z = 4 1389.6 3.016 [38][39]
(μ-aqua)-bis(μ-tetracyanoborate)-aqua-lead Pb2(H2O)4{B(CN)4}4 triclinic P1 a=9.4912 b=9.901 c=10.1044 α=107.457° β=115.926° γ=101.328° 753.0 2.086 soluble in methanol and acetonitrile [40]
(μ-acetato)-(μ-tetracyanoborate)-ethanol-lead Pb2(O2CCH3)2{B(CN)4}2(C2H5OH)2 monoclinic P21/n a=7.9955 b=17.4564 c=9.9725 β=97.429° 1380.2 2.056 [40]

References

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