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Taiwan Photon Source

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Taiwan Photon Source (TPS)
External view of the TPS
General properties
Accelerator typeStorage ring
Beam typeElectron
Target typeLight source
Beam properties
Maximum energy3 GeV
Maximum current500 mA
Maximum brightness10×1021 ph./s/0.1%/mm2/mrad2
Physical properties
Radius82.5 m (271 ft)
Circumference518.4 m (1,701 ft)[1]
LocationHsinchu Science Park
Coordinates24°46′58″N 120°59′37″E / 24.78278°N 120.99361°E / 24.78278; 120.99361
InstitutionNational Synchrotron Radiation Research Center
Dates of operation2016 – present

The Taiwan Photon Source (TPS) at Hsinchu Science Park (in East District, Hsinchu City, Taiwan) is a third-generation synchrotron radiation accelerator light source experimental facility. It was built and operated by the National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center. It is the second synchrotron accelerator designed and built by Taiwan. The project was proposed by Chen Chien-te of Academia Sinica in 2004, construction began in 2010, and it was completed and began operation in September 2016.[2] When it was tested in January 2015, the brightness intensity of the light source emitted by it was the highest in the world.[3]

How TPS works

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Inside the TPS Storage Ring Enclosure.

The TPS uses a series of particle accelerators to push electrons up to nearly the speed of light, and then injects them into a storage ring that is 518.4 m (1,701 ft) in circumference. At every bend in the track, these electrons emit synchrotron radiation in the form of high-brightness X-rays. Scientists at multiple experimental stations around the ring use these X-rays for basic and applied research in a number of fields.

The 3 GeV main storage ring with a circumference of 518.4 m has 7 cycles. There are 14 linear gaps of 7 or 12 meters in length for mounting radiation devices: frequency-focusing magnets (undulators) with periods of 22 to 48 mm. The injection is supplemented from a 496.8 m circumference, 3 Hz repetition frequency synchrotron booster. The booster is filled by a 150 MeV linear accelerator.[4]

The Experimental Hall surrounds the storage ring and is divided into 7 sectors, each of which has access to X-ray beamlines, including those equipped with insertion devices and bending magnets. Each sector also corresponds to a laboratory and office module offering immediate access to the beamline. Due to this, the different beamlines are used in various disciplines and different techniques are employed. The disciplines are typically one or more of the following: materials science, physics, chemistry, life science, geoscience, environmental science, and related applied research fields.[5]

TPS uses

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Taiwan President Tsai Ing-wen attending the inauguration ceremony of the TPS in September 2016.

The TPS produces high-brightness synchrotron radiation across a wide range of wavelengths, from infrared and visible light to soft and hard X-rays. This allows researchers to select specific types of radiation depending on the material or process under study. Compared with conventional laboratory sources, the intensity and coherence of the light produced at TPS enable experiments to be conducted more quickly and with higher precision, particularly in cases where weak signals or very small structures are involved.[6]

The facility is used in both basic and applied research. Hard X-rays, with wavelengths comparable to atomic spacing, are used to determine how atoms are arranged in materials, while soft X-rays can be used to study electronic structures and chemical bonding. These techniques are applied in fields such as materials science, semiconductor research, and structural biology, including the study of complex biomolecules such as proteins. Research carried out using synchrotron radiation has contributed to advances in understanding material properties and biological systems, which in turn support developments in electronics, energy technology, and medical science.[7]

TPS upgrade

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The TPS has undergone ongoing expansion and upgrade planning aimed at increasing its research capacity and replacing older infrastructure. Authorities have considered phasing out the earlier Taiwan Light Source (TLS), which has been in operation for more than three decades, while expanding TPS from 14 storage rings to 25 in order to accommodate a larger number of beamlines and experimental stations. Plans have included increasing the number of operational beamlines from the current configuration to a significantly higher capacity, allowing broader access for scientific and industrial research.[8]

The result is expected to be improved performance and greater flexibility in experiments, with higher brightness synchrotron radiation and enhanced capability to study materials at atomic and nanoscale resolution.[9] These upgrades are also intended to support research in areas such as semiconductors, artificial intelligence, communications technology, and biomedical science. The expansion reflects efforts to align TPS with other major international synchrotron facilities, while strengthening its role in both domestic research and international collaboration.[10]

References

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  1. ^ "TLS and TPS at National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center (NSRRC)". lightsources.org. Retrieved 2026-04-30.
  2. ^ 龍益雲 (2016-09-20). "台灣光子源啟用 丁肇中賞光、李遠哲要錢" (in Chinese (Taiwan)). China Times. Retrieved 2026-04-30.
  3. ^ "台灣建成全球最強光子源 耗資70億或有突破貢獻". military.people.com.cn (in Traditional Chinese). 2015-01-26. Retrieved 2026-04-30.
  4. ^ "Taiwan Photon Source". Archived from the original on 2019-08-28. Retrieved 2020-01-19.
  5. ^ 蔡彰盛 (2016-07-16). "林揆赴國家同步輻射研究中心 視察台灣光子源" (in Chinese (Taiwan)). Liberty Times. Retrieved 2026-04-30.
  6. ^ Banks, Michael (March 2015). "New Taiwan synchrotron seeks to boost science". Physics World. 28 (3): 12. doi:10.1088/2058-7058/28/3/17. Retrieved 30 April 2026.
  7. ^ 南宮簫笛哥 (2015-06-02). "台灣之光「台灣光子源」能幹嘛？". pansci.asia (in Chinese (Taiwan)). Retrieved 2026-04-30.
  8. ^ M H Chang; C H Lo; T C Yu; Z K Liu; F T Chung; F Y Chang; S W Chang; L J Chen; Y T Li; M S Yeh; Ch Wang; M C Lin (January 2024). "Status and upgrades of radio frequency system at Taiwan Photon Source". IOP Publishing. 2687 (8) 82008. doi:10.1088/1742-6596/2687/8/082008. Retrieved 30 April 2026.
  9. ^ N.Y. Huang; M.S. Chiu; H.W. Luo; P.J. Chou; G.H. Luo; F.H. Tseng; H.J. Tsai (January 2024). "Study of an upgraded lattice for Taiwan Photon Source". INSPIRE-HEP. doi:10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2024-TUPG41. Retrieved 30 April 2026.
  10. ^ Wu Po-hsuan; Jake Chung (August 19, 2024). "Council mulling changes to radiation programs". Taipei Times. Retrieved 2026-04-30.
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