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Socialist Party of Albania

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Socialist Party of Albania
Partia Socialiste e Shqipërisë
AbbreviationPS
PSSh
SP[1]
ChairmanEdi Rama[1]
Leader of the Parliamentary GroupTaulant Balla[2]
General SecretaryBlendi Klosi
Founded13 June 1991
Preceded byParty of Labour of Albania
HeadquartersSheshi Austria 4, 1001 Tirana
NewspaperZëri i Popullit
Youth wingEuro-Socialist Youth Forum
Membership (2025)93,000[3]
IdeologySocial democracy
Political positionCentre-left
European affiliationParty of European Socialists (associate)
International affiliationSocialist International
Colours
  • Official:
  •   Red
  •   Green (official)[a]
  • Customary:
  •   Purple
  •   Magenta (customary)[b]
SloganPër Shqipërinë që duam ("For the Albania that We Want")
Parliament
82 / 140
Municipality
54 / 61
Council Seats
757 / 1,613
Website
ps.al

The Socialist Party of Albania (Albanian: Partia Socialiste e Shqipërisë, PSSh), also known as simply the Socialist Party (Albanian: Partia Socialiste, PS), is a social-democratic centre-left political party in Albania. It is the successor to the Party of Labour of Albania, which reconstituted itself under its current name on 13 June 1991 after the fall of communism in an effort to adapt to the new political landscape.[4] It has been the country’s governing party since 2013, winning consecutive parliamentary elections in 2013, 2017, 2021 and 2025 under the leadership of Edi Rama. The Socialist Party is one of the two major parties in Albanian politics along with the Democratic Party. The PS is an associate of the Party of European Socialists[5] and a member of the Socialist International.[6][7][8]

During its period in government, the party has faced criticism from opposition parties, international observers and civil society groups over corruption, public procurement, media freedom, the concentration of political power, and the fairness of elections.[9][10][11] Senior figures linked to Socialist-led governments have been investigated or charged in corruption cases, while Rama and the party have argued that the investigations demonstrate the independence of Albania's judicial reform institutions, including the Special Structure against Corruption and Organized Crime (SPAK).[12]

History

[edit]
Party headquarters in Tirana

The Socialist Party of Albania emerged in the aftermath of the fall of communism in Albania that had dominated Albanian politics since the end of World War II. The dissolution of the People's Socialist Republic prompted a reevaluation of political ideologies and a quest for democratic governance, paving the way for the rise of multiple political entities. The roots of the Socialist Party can be traced back to the Party of Labour of Albania under its founder Enver Hoxha, which had been the ruling party for over four decades. Hoxha's successor Ramiz Alia was forced to introduce limited reforms in the late 1980s. On 11 December 1990, Alia announced that the PPSh had given up its monopoly of power. The PPSh won the 1991 Albanian Constitutional Assembly election, the first free elections held in the country in almost 80 years. By this time, it was no longer a Marxist–Leninist party. At an extraordinary congress on 10–13 June 1991, the PPSh reorganized as the PS in an effort to adapt to survive in the new system.[13]

Fatos Nano, a man from the intelligentsia, was elected the new chairman.[14] Nano helped to reform the old Communist party and made it a member of the Socialist International. A faction of the party, led by Ilir Meta, split away from the PS in 2004 and formed the Socialist Movement for Integration (Lëvizja Socialiste për Integrim, LSI).[15]

On 10 October 2005, Nano resigned as the chairman of the PS after losing the 2005 Albanian parliamentary election, and was succeeded by Edi Rama.[16] Under Rama's lead, the PS formed the Alliance for a European Albania, which united several political parties. The alliance won the 2013 Albanian parliamentary election, thus returning the Socialists to the government after 8 years.[17]

The Socialist Party, now running alone, again won the 2017 election and the 2021 election, winning 74 seats in both of them and was thus able to govern Albania alone, although it was externally supported by the Social Democratic Party in parliament.[18] In the 2025 Albanian parliamentary election, the PS won a fourth consecutive term and increased its majority to 83 of the 140 seats.[19] The opposition rejected the result and alleged vote-buying and misuse of state resources, while the European Union urged investigations into allegations of electoral crimes.[19][20]


Controversies and criticism

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Corruption and public procurement

[edit]

Since returning to power in 2013, the Socialist Party has faced recurring criticism over corruption, public procurement and the concentration of power around the governing majority. Freedom House stated in its 2024 Nations in Transit report that Albanian political parties remained unable to address corruption in their own ranks and that political parties were affected by a lack of internal democracy and self-regulation.[9] Transparency International EU stated in its 2025 rule-of-law brief on Albania that SPAK had made progress in high-level corruption investigations, but that public procurement still lacked transparency, state funds were misused during electoral campaigns, and rules on conflicts of interest, lobbying and party finance remained incomplete.[11] Reporters Without Borders has also argued that media independence in Albania is threatened by conflicts of interest between business and political actors, partisan regulation and intimidation of journalists by politicians and organised crime.[21]

Several corruption cases have involved officials from Socialist-led governments or the party's wider governing network. In the Albanian incinerators scandal, former environment minister Lefter Koka was jailed on corruption charges related to waste-incinerator contracts, while former deputy prime minister Arben Ahmetaj was charged in connection with the same scandal and left Albania; Ahmetaj denied wrongdoing and said he was being used as a scapegoat.[12][22] In 2025, Tirana mayor Erion Veliaj, a prominent Socialist Party figure and former minister, was ordered into custody by Albania's anti-corruption court on allegations of corruption, money laundering and concealment of wealth; Veliaj denied the accusations.[23]

In December 2025, Deputy Prime Minister and Infrastructure Minister Belinda Balluku, a senior Socialist Party figure, was indicted by SPAK over alleged manipulation of public tenders for infrastructure projects; Balluku denied wrongdoing.[24] In February 2026, Rama dismissed Balluku during a cabinet reshuffle as the investigation continued.[25] The case triggered opposition protests and criticism of Rama's proposal to change legislation to prevent courts from suspending ministers under criminal investigation, a move opponents said would undermine judicial independence.[24][26]

Electoral conduct

[edit]

Election monitoring organisations have repeatedly raised concerns about the electoral environment under the Socialist Party's period in government. The OSCE/ODIHR final report on the 2025 Albanian parliamentary election stated that the vote was competitive and professionally managed, but that contestants did not enjoy a level playing field. The report cited allegations of intimidation, misuse of public resources, pressure on public employees, vote-buying, and problems with ballot secrecy.[10] Reuters reported that the PS won an unprecedented fourth term in 2025, while the opposition claimed the vote had been stolen and Albania's special prosecutor was investigating election-related cases, mostly concerning vote-buying.[20] The Inter-Parliamentary Union recorded that the Socialist Party increased its parliamentary representation from 74 to 83 seats and that the European Union urged authorities to investigate allegations of electoral crimes.[19]

Patronageists scandal

[edit]
Main article: Patronageists scandal

In April 2021, shortly before the 2021 Albanian parliamentary election, the news portal Lapsi.al reported that a database allegedly used by the Socialist Party contained personal information on about 910,000 voters or citizens in Tirana. According to reports and civil society reactions, the database included names, identification numbers, dates of birth, telephone numbers, places of residence, voting centres, employment data and notes on perceived political preferences. Each entry was also linked to a party patronazhist ("patron" or electoral coordinator), who was allegedly assigned to monitor or communicate with voters.[27][28]

An investigation by BIRN reported that the file contained 910,061 entries and identified 9,027 patronazhistë, many of whom were public-sector employees; BIRN also reported that some of the identified coordinators worked in structures such as the police, the armed forces or the Republican Guard.[29] Transparency International called on Albanian authorities to determine whether the ruling party had obtained personal data from government registries and to investigate whether state resources had been abused for electoral purposes.[27] Prime Minister Edi Rama acknowledged that the party used a patronage or voter-contact system, but denied wrongdoing and said that citizens' data had been collected through door-to-door contacts; he also denied that the leaked database belonged to the Socialist Party.[27][28]

The case raised privacy, election-integrity and media-freedom concerns. The OSCE/ODIHR final report on the 2021 election listed the protection of citizens' personal data as a priority recommendation following the campaign.[30] After Lapsi.al refused to reveal its source, SPAK and the Special Court sought access to the outlet's database and electronic equipment. The Committee to Protect Journalists urged Albanian authorities to drop the investigation into the outlet and protect journalistic sources, warning that the attempted seizure of equipment could chill investigative reporting.[28]

McGonigal affair

[edit]

In 2023, the opposition sought a parliamentary debate over Prime Minister Rama's meetings with former senior FBI official Charles McGonigal. According to the Associated Press, McGonigal had been accused in the United States of concealing details of a 2017 trip to Albania and of receiving at least $225,000 from a former Albanian intelligence official. Rama acknowledged meeting McGonigal but denied bribery, preferential treatment or wrongdoing, saying the U.S. legal case had no connection to his government or to him personally.[31]

Flamingo Revolution

[edit]
Main article: Flamingo Revolution

In 2026, the Socialist Party-led government faced major protests known as the Flamingo Revolution. The demonstrations began over a proposed luxury resort project on Sazan Island and the nearby Vjosa-Narta coastal area linked to Jared Kushner and Ivanka Trump. Protesters and environmental groups argued that the project threatened protected wetlands, flamingo habitats, sea turtle nesting areas and public coastal access, while the government said environmental assessments were underway and that the project would have to comply with national and European environmental rules.[32]

The protests soon expanded beyond environmental issues into wider criticism of corruption, opaque land decisions, elite politics and governance under Rama and the Socialist Party. Le Monde described the protests as anti-corruption and environmental demonstrations that evolved into broader demands for Rama's resignation.[33] Financial Times reported that tens of thousands of Albanians joined protests in Tirana in June 2026 and that Rama blamed foreign influence, including Iran, for helping fuel the demonstrations; protesters rejected the claim and said the movement reflected anger over corruption and the use of public land.[34]

Marjana Koçeku announced that she was leaving the party's parliamentary group and would continue as an independent member of parliament. Koçeku, who had been elected in 2025 from the Socialist Party's closed list in Shkodër, said that her ideals and values were the same as those she had held before joining a political party.[35] On 15 June, after posting an image of a flamingo on social media, she publicly aligned herself with the protests calling for Rama's resignation.[36] On 17 June, Koçeku wrote on social media that her family had been threatened by the Bajra group in Shkodër, a group described in Albanian media as a Shkodër-based criminal group.[37] The group had previously been the subject of organized-crime investigations: in 2018, police arrested 11 people during an operation against the northern "Bajri" criminal group, while later reporting by BIRN noted that some defendants initially arrested as alleged members of a criminal organisation were ultimately convicted on lesser charges such as illegal gambling and illegal possession of weapons.[38][39] The group had also been politically controversial in Shkodër before the protests; in 2023, Democratic Party leader Sali Berisha accused the Socialist Party of winning the Shkodër municipality with the help of the Bajra gang, while Socialist Party parliamentary leader Bledi Çuçi responded that he had no knowledge of such links and that, if the claims were proven true, anyone who broke the law would not be protected by the party.[40] Koçeku warned that she would respond if her family was harmed, while the Bajraj family's lawyer, Sokol Tahiraj, rejected her claims as baseless and said that any allegation should be presented to the competent institutions. Shkodër police said that Koçeku had not filed a formal complaint.[41] Her departure was welcomed by Democratic Party leader Sali Berisha, who called on other Socialist MPs to leave Rama and said that such a move could open the way for a no-confidence motion against the prime minister.[42]

On 20 June, Koçeku appeared at the protest on Dëshmorët e Kombit Boulevard, joining demonstrators who were demanding Rama's resignation.[43]

On 23 June, Koçeku published an open letter to Rama calling on him to resign. She wrote that the protests were not directed against the United States, but against what she described as an internal political system built over decades on fear, servility and alienation. Koçeku said that Albanians were no longer inspired by Rama or the old political class and argued that the government faced a deep crisis of legitimacy. She also criticized the Socialist Party leadership, saying that it did not accept dissent, debate or moral sensitivity, and urged Rama to listen to the protesters. In the letter, she said that Rama's final political act should be his resignation, and claimed that in recent private messages he had told her she would be left alone and without public trust.[44][45]

Political positions

[edit]

As a party in Albania,[46] the Socialist Party of Albania is described as social-democratic[1][47] and centre-left.[48][49][50] In its 2013 party platform, the party has pledged to replace the flat tax with a progressive tax, and also supports universal health care.[51] Party leader Edi Rama has indicated that he supports LGBT rights in Albania.[52] The party is also pro-European, supports the accession of Albania to the European Union,[53] NATO membership,[54] and considers Kosovo "Albania's main strategic partner and ally".[55]

Organisation

[edit]

Logos

[edit]

The current logo is based on the fist and rose logo in the version created by José María Cruz Novillo for the Spanish Socialist Workers Party in 1977. The PS logo is used without official consent and agreement with PSOE.[56]

  • 2013–2023
    2013–2023

Party leaders

[edit]
No. President Born–died Term start Term end Time in office
1 Fatos Nano (1952—2025) 13 June 1991 10 October 2005 14 years, 119 days
2 Edi Rama (born 1964) 10 October 2005 Incumbent 20 years, 258 days

Timeline

[edit]
Edi RamaFatos Nano

Election results

[edit]

Parliamentary elections

[edit]
Election Leader Votes % Seats +/– Rank Government
1992 Fatos Nano 433,602 23.87
38 / 140
 Decrease 131[c] Decrease 2nd[c] Opposition
1996 335,402 20.37
10 / 140
 Decrease 28 Steady 2nd Opposition
1997 413,369 52.75
101 / 155
 Increase 97 Increase 1st Majority
2001 555,272 42.27
73 / 140
 Decrease 28 Steady 1st Majority
2005 538,906 39.44
42 / 140
 Decrease 31 Decrease 2nd Opposition
2009 Edi Rama 620,586 40.85
65 / 140
 Increase 23 Increase 1st[57] Opposition
2013 713,407 41.36
65 / 140
 Steady Steady 1st Coalition
2017 764,761 48.19
74 / 140
 Increase 9 Steady 1st Majority
2021 768,177 48.68
74 / 140
 Steady Steady 1st Majority
2025 856,177 53.30
83 / 140
 Increase 9 Steady 1st Majority

See also

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Notes

[edit]
  1. ^ Used in the party logo and flag.
  2. ^ Used by the party in campaigning and media, and by the Albanian government in parliamentary diagrams.
  3. ^ a b The Socialist Party is a successor of the former Communist Party.

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b c "European Election Watch Albania". Center for Strategic and International Studies. Archived from the original on 4 January 2022. Retrieved 4 January 2022.
  2. ^ "Taulant Balla kryetar i grupit parlamentar të PS". VoxNews (in Albanian). 15 September 2025. Retrieved 15 September 2025.
  3. ^ ""Rezultat pozitiv 32 mijë anëtarë të rinj të PS", Rama në Asamblenë e PS: Të miratojmë mbajtjen e Kongresit më 20 Korrik". 11 June 2024. Archived from the original on 2024-06-11. Retrieved 2024-12-25.
  4. ^ Elsie, Robert (2010), Historical Dictionary of Albania. Scarecrow Press. p. 422.
  5. ^ "Partia Socialiste e Shqipërisë". Party of European Socialists. Retrieved 14 May 2015.
  6. ^ "Full list of member parties and organisations". Socialist International. Retrieved 22 July 2019.
  7. ^ "Strategic Partnership with Kosovo". Socialist Party. Archived from the original on 25 May 2022. Retrieved 19 May 2022.
  8. ^ "The Albanian Electoral Systems since 1990" (PDF). Albanian Elections Observatory Brief (1). 19 April 2013. Retrieved 2 July 2013.
  9. ^ a b "Albania: Nations in Transit 2024 Country Report". Freedom House. Retrieved 21 June 2026.
  10. ^ a b "Albania parliamentary elections 2025: ODIHR election observation mission final report". OSCE Office for Democratic Institutions and Human Rights. 23 October 2025. Retrieved 21 June 2026.
  11. ^ a b "2025 Rule of Law brief: Albania". Transparency International EU. 15 April 2026. Retrieved 21 June 2026.
  12. ^ a b McAllister, Edward; Bytyci, Fatos (8 May 2025). "Albania's Rama seeks fourth term in election dominated by graft, EU membership". Reuters. Retrieved 21 June 2026.
  13. ^ Elsie, pxliii
  14. ^ Nano, Rexhina. "Te jetosh kohen", pp. 230.
  15. ^ Elsie, Robert (2010). Historical Dictionary of Albania. Rowman & Littlefield. p. 422. ISBN 978-0-8108-6188-6.
  16. ^ "Fitorja dhe sfidat e Edi Ramës" [Victory and challenges of Edi Rama] (in Albanian). BBCAlbanian.com. 10 October 2005.
  17. ^ "Violence mars Albania's general election". Al Jazeera. Retrieved 2022-02-10.
  18. ^ "Elections in Albania: Preliminary results show PM Rama's party wins". N1 (in Serbian). 2021-04-26. Retrieved 2022-02-10.
  19. ^ a b c "Albania Parliament May 2025 Election". Inter-Parliamentary Union. Retrieved 21 June 2026.
  20. ^ a b Bytyci, Fatos (13 May 2025). "Albania's Rama wins historic fourth term, opposition says vote stolen". Reuters. Retrieved 21 June 2026.
  21. ^ "Albania". Reporters Without Borders. Retrieved 21 June 2026.
  22. ^ "Arben Ahmetaj Case: Deputy PM involved in incinerators concession scandal". Transparency International. Retrieved 21 June 2026.
  23. ^ "An Albanian court orders the capital's mayor into custody and accuses him of corruption". Associated Press. 10 February 2025. Retrieved 21 June 2026.
  24. ^ a b "The probe into corruption at the heart of Albania's government". Reuters. 19 February 2026. Retrieved 21 June 2026.
  25. ^ "Albanian PM fires deputy as corruption investigation heats up". Reuters. 26 February 2026. Retrieved 21 June 2026.
  26. ^ "Albanian PM seeks to stop judiciary from suspending ministers". Reuters. 16 February 2026. Retrieved 21 June 2026.
  27. ^ a b c "Albania: Alarm over indications of personal data breach, election campaign violations". Transparency International. 22 April 2021. Retrieved 24 June 2026.
  28. ^ a b c "Albanian authorities interrogate publisher of Lapsi.al, demand outlet turn over confidential information". Committee to Protect Journalists. 5 May 2021. Retrieved 24 June 2026.
  29. ^ "Police, Soldiers among Albanian Ruling Party's Voter-Tracking Army". Balkan Insight. 21 April 2021. Retrieved 24 June 2026.
  30. ^ "Albania, Parliamentary Elections, 25 April 2021: Final Report". OSCE Office for Democratic Institutions and Human Rights. 26 July 2021. Retrieved 24 June 2026.
  31. ^ Semini, Llazar (2 March 2023). "Albanian leader denies corruption over indicted FBI agent". Associated Press. Retrieved 21 June 2026.
  32. ^ "'Albania is not for sale', protesters say over Kushner-linked luxury resort near a protected wetland". Reuters. 5 June 2026. Retrieved 21 June 2026.
  33. ^ Chastand, Jean-Baptiste (6 June 2026). "Albania's 'Flamingo Revolution' rises up against the Trump family and Prime Minister Edi Rama". Le Monde. Retrieved 21 June 2026.
  34. ^ "Tens of thousands of Albanians join 'Flamingo Revolution' protest". Financial Times. 20 June 2026. Retrieved 21 June 2026.
  35. ^ "'Neomalësorja' largohet nga grupi i PS: Do jem deputete e pavarur, idealet e vlerat e mia janë ato që i kam pasë pa u bashkuar me parti" ['Neomalësorja' leaves the Socialist Party group: I will be an independent MP, my ideals and values are those I had before joining a party]. Shqiptarja.com (in Albanian). 14 June 2026. Retrieved 18 June 2026.
  36. ^ ""Prej sot jam deputete e pavarur"/ Neomalësorja pasi braktisi PS, poston flamingon dhe i bashkohet protestës për rrëzimin e Ramës" ['From today I am an independent MP' / After leaving the Socialist Party, Neomalësorja posts the flamingo and joins the protest to bring down Rama]. BalkanWeb (in Albanian). 15 June 2026. Retrieved 18 June 2026.
  37. ^ "Iku nga PS, kërcënohet Koçeku? Mesazh Bajrave: Po më prekët familjen, ju shkatërroj! Avokati i familjes Bajri: S'ke prova! Policia: Nuk ka kallëzim" [After leaving the Socialist Party, Koçeku threatened? Message to the Bajras: If you touch my family, I will destroy you! Bajri family lawyer: You have no evidence! Police: There is no complaint]. Shqiptarja.com (in Albanian). 17 June 2026. Retrieved 18 June 2026.
  38. ^ "Police arrest 11 during action against Northern 'Bajri' criminal group". Tirana Times. 22 September 2018. Retrieved 18 June 2026.
  39. ^ Erebara, Gjergj (23 December 2020). "Dosja "Bajri" shfryhet në dënime minimale për organizim bastesh" [The "Bajri" case deflates into minimal sentences for gambling organisation]. Reporter.al (in Albanian). Retrieved 18 June 2026.
  40. ^ "Berisha nxjerr videon nga Shkodra duke akuzuar bandën e Bajrave dhe SPAK: Nuk pranojmë rezultatin e 14 majit" [Berisha publishes video from Shkodër accusing the Bajra gang and SPAK: We do not accept the 14 May result]. Shqiptarja.com (in Albanian). 30 October 2023. Retrieved 18 June 2026.
  41. ^ "Iku nga PS, kërcënohet Koçeku? Mesazh Bajrave: Po më prekët familjen, ju shkatërroj! Avokati i familjes Bajri: S'ke prova! Policia: Nuk ka kallëzim" [After leaving the Socialist Party, Koçeku threatened? Message to the Bajras: If you touch my family, I will destroy you! Bajri family lawyer: You have no evidence! Police: There is no complaint]. Shqiptarja.com (in Albanian). 17 June 2026. Retrieved 18 June 2026.
  42. ^ "Marjana Koçeku braktisi grupin e PS/ Berisha: Të largohen të gjithë deputetët socialistë, kjo i hap rrugë shkarkimit të Ramës me mocion mosbesimi" [Marjana Koçeku left the Socialist Party group / Berisha: All Socialist MPs should leave, this opens the way for Rama's dismissal through a no-confidence motion]. BalkanWeb (in Albanian). 16 June 2026. Retrieved 18 June 2026.
  43. ^ "VIDEO/ Braktisi Edi Ramën, deputetja Marjana Koçeku i bashkohet protestës" [Video / After abandoning Edi Rama, MP Marjana Koçeku joins the protest]. Syri.net (in Albanian). 20 June 2026. Retrieved 20 June 2026.
  44. ^ "Marjana Koçeku letër të hapur Kryeministrit Edi Rama: Jep dorëheqjen, asnjë rreth e rrotull nuk të do më" [Marjana Koçeku open letter to Prime Minister Edi Rama: Resign, no one around you wants you anymore]. Syri.net (in Albanian). 23 June 2026. Retrieved 23 June 2026.
  45. ^ ""Shqiptarët nuk frymëzohen më nga ju dhe kasta e vjetër", Marjana Koçeku letër të hapur Ramës: Akti juaj i fundit politik duhet të jetë dorëheqja" ["Albanians are no longer inspired by you and the old caste", Marjana Koçeku open letter to Rama: Your final political act should be resignation]. BalkanWeb (in Albanian). 23 June 2026. Retrieved 23 June 2026.
  46. ^ Nordsieck, Wolfram (April 2021). "Albania". Parties and Elections in Europe.
  47. ^ Slomp, Hans (2011). Europe, a Political Profile: An American Companion to European Politics. ABC-CLIO. p. 605. ISBN 978-0-313-39181-1.
  48. ^ "Albania opposition protests again, calls for new election". CityNews Vancouver. 2 June 2019. The centre-right Democratic Party-led opposition supporters gathered Sunday at the main government building accusing centre-left Socialist Party Prime Minister Edi Rama of corruption and links to organized crime.
  49. ^ "Albania protests: Smoke bombs and firecrackers thrown at police as demonstrations turn violent". The Independent. 3 June 2019. Prime Minister Edi Rama has faced repeated calls to stand down in recent months over claims that his centre-left Socialist Party is corrupt and has links to organised crime.
  50. ^ "Will the Presence of Iran's MEK Threaten Albania's Already Shaky Stability?". World Politics Review. 18 July 2019. Rama's center-left Socialist Party holds a majority in Parliament, while the opposition is made up of parties to his left and right.
  51. ^ "KUJDES SHËNDETËSOR UNIVERSAL – Partia Socialiste e Shqipërisë". Partia Socialiste e Shqipërisë. Archived from the original on 16 September 2020. Retrieved 14 May 2015.
  52. ^ "Rama pret përfaqësuesit e LGBT: Po bashkëjetesës, por jo martesave". www.panorama.com.al (in Albanian). Retrieved 2017-07-28.
  53. ^ "CILËSI DHE RITËM NË PROCESIN E INTEGRIMIT NË BE". www.ps.al (in Albanian). Archived from the original on 2022-11-26. Retrieved 2021-06-07.
  54. ^ "RESPEKTIM I ANGAZHIMEVE NË NATO". www.ps.al (in Albanian). Archived from the original on 2022-11-26. Retrieved 2021-06-07.
  55. ^ "PARTNERITET STRATEGJIK ME KOSOVËN". www.ps.al (in Albanian). Archived from the original on 2022-05-25. Retrieved 2021-06-07.
  56. ^ "El Partido Socialista de Albania plagia el logo del PSOE de Cruz Novillo". Gràffica (in Spanish). 30 August 2022. Retrieved 19 September 2022.
  57. ^ "National results of the 2009 parliamentary election (party list)" (PDF). ShtetiWeb.org.
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