Shi Liang

Shi Liang
Shi Liang
史良
	Shi in 1949
Minister of Justice
	In office; 1 October 1949 – 28 April 1959
Premier	Zhou Enlai
Succeeded by	Wei Wenbo
Vice Chairwoman of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress
	In office; 1 July 1979 – 6 September 1985
Chairman	Ye Jianying; Peng Zhen
Vice Chairwoman of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference
	In office; 8 March 1978 – 17 June 1983
Chairman	Deng Xiaoping
Chairwoman of the China Democratic League
	In office; 23 October 1979 – 6 September 1985
Preceded by	Yang Mingxuan
Succeeded by	Hu Yuzhi
Personal details
Born	March 27, 1900; Changzhou, Jiangsu
Died	September 6, 1985 (aged 85)
Citizenship	Qing Empire Republic of China People's Republic of China
Party	China Democratic League

Shi Liang (Chinese: 史良; pinyin: Shǐ Liáng; Wade–Giles: Shih Liang; March 27, 1900 – September 6, 1985) was a prominent lawyer and activist of the Republic of China. She was the only woman arrested in what was known as the Seven Gentlemen Incident on the eve of war with Japan in 1936. In 1949, she became the first Minister of Justice of the People's Republic of China.

Biography

Shi Liang was born in Changzhou, Jiangsu in 1900. She was educated in Shanghai and became a lawyer there. She and another six intellectuals were arrested by Chiang Kai-shek’s government in 1936, in what is known as the Seven Gentlemen Incident.^[1]

Shi was the first Minister of Justice of the People's Republic of China from 1949 to 1959.^[2]

Citations

^ Shan (2013), pp. 51–77.
^ Lee (2016), pp. 454–455.

General references

Lee, Lily Xiao Hong (2016). "Shi Liang". Biographical Dictionary of Chinese Women. Vol. 2. London: Routledge. pp. 450–455.^{[dead link]}
Shan, Patrick Fuliang (2013). "Demythologizing Politicized Myths: A New Interpretation of the Seven Gentlemen Incident". Frontiers of History in China. 8 (1): 51–77. doi:10.3868/s020-002-013-0004-6.

External links

Biography of Shi Liang (in Chinese)
Profile of Shi Liang^{[permanent dead link]} (in Chinese)

Legal offices

Preceded by

New office

Minister of Justice
1949–1959

Succeeded by

Wei Wenbo

Party political offices

Preceded by

Yang Mingxuan

Chairperson of China Democratic League
1979–1985

Succeeded by

Hu Yuzhi

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[FOOTNOTEShan201351–77-1] Shan (2013), pp. 51–77.

[FOOTNOTELee2016454–455-2] Lee (2016), pp. 454–455.

[3] Note 1: Zhang Lan was elected Chairperson at the Fourth and Fifth (Enlarged) Meetings of the 1st Central Committee on 20 December 1949, and died on 9 February 1955.

[4] Note 2: Shen Junru was nominated as Acting Chairperson at the Enlarged Provisional Meeting of the Standing Committee of the Central Committee on 10 February 1955.

[5] Note 3: Shen Junru was elected Vice Chairperson at the Fourth and Fifth (Enlarged) Meetings of the 1st Central Committee on 20 December 1949.

[6] Note 4: Zhang Bojun, Luo Longji, Ma Xulun, Shi Liang, and Gao Chongmin were elected Vice Chairpersons at the Seventh Plenary Session of the 1st Central Committee on 8 June 1953.

[7] Note 5: Hu Yuzhi was elected Secretary-General at the 42nd Meeting of the Standing Committee of the 1st Central Committee in 1953.

[8] Note 6: Zhang Dongsun was expelled from the China Democratic League in May 1953.

[9] Note 1: Zhang Bojun was removed from the position of Vice Chairperson of the Central Committee and demoted to Standing Committee Member of the Central Committee.

[10] Note 2: Luo Longji was removed from the position of Vice Chairperson of the Central Committee and retained as a Member of the Central Committee.

[11] Shen Junru died in June 1963.

[12] Yang Mingxuan was elected Chairperson of the Central Committee of the China Democratic League at the Fourth Plenary Session of the Fourth Central Committee in December 1963.

[13] Due to illness, Min Ganghou was replaced by acting Secretary-General Xu Shouxuan in 1961, and by acting Secretary-General Li Wenyi in July 1963. Min Ganghou resigned from the post of Secretary-General in December 1963.

[14] In December 1963, Hu Yuzhi, Vice Chairperson, was appointed concurrently as Secretary-General by the Standing Committee of the Central Committee of the China Democratic League.

[15] In January 1987, the 4th Plenary Session of the 5th Central Committee of the CDL elected Chu Tunan as Honorary Chairperson of the Central Committee.

[16] Note 1: Shi Liang passed away in September 1985.

[17] The 8th Meeting of the Standing Committee of the 5th Central Committee decided that Vice Chairperson Hu Yuzhi would serve as Acting Chairperson.

[18] Following the death of Hu Yuzhi in January 1986, the 9th Meeting of the Standing Committee of the 5th Central Committee selected Vice Chairperson Chu Tunan as Acting Chairperson.

[19] In December 1986, the 3rd Plenary Session of the 5th Central Committee elected Chu Tunan as Chairperson of the Central Committee.

[20] Note: In January 1986, the 9th Meeting of the Standing Committee of the 5th Central Committee designated Fei Xiaotong as Executive Vice Chairperson.

[21] On 10 January 1987, the 14th Meeting of the Standing Committee of the 5th Central Committee unanimously designated Gao Tian as Executive Vice Chairperson.

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v t e Vice chairpersons of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress
1st (1954–1959)	Soong Ching-ling Lin Boqu Li Jishen Zhang Lan (died 1955) Luo Ronghuan Shen Junru Guo Moruo Huang Yanpei Peng Zhen (secretary-general) Li Weihan Chen Shutong Tenzin Gyatso, Dalai Lama Seypidin Azizi Cheng Qian (added 1958)
2nd (1959–1964)	Lin Boqu Li Jishen Luo Ronghuan Shen Junru Guo Moruo Huang Yanpei Peng Zhen Li Weihan Chen Shutong ~~Tenzin Gyatso, Dalai Lama~~ (fled 1959; dismissed 1964) Seypidin Azizi Cheng Qian ~~Choekyi Gyaltsen, Panchen Erdeni~~ (removed 1964) He Xiangning Liu Bocheng Lin Feng
3rd (1964–1975)	Peng Zhen Liu Bocheng Li Jingquan Kang Sheng Guo Moruo He Xiangning Huang Yanpei Chen Shutong Li Xuefeng Xu Xiangqian Yang Mingxuan Cheng Qian Seypidin Azizi Lin Feng Liu Ningyi (secretary-General) Zhang Zhizhong Ngapoi Ngawang Jigme Zhou Jianren
4th (1975–1978)	Dong Biwu Soong Ching-ling Kang Sheng Liu Bocheng Wu De Wei Guoqing Seypidin Azizi Guo Moruo Xu Xiangqian Nie Rongzhen Chen Yun Tan Zhenlin Li Jingquan Zhang Dingcheng Cai Chang Ulanhu Ngapoi Ngawang Jigme Zhou Jianren Xu Deheng Hu Juewen Li Suwen Yao Lianwei Deng Yingchao (added 1976)
5th (1978–1983)	Soong Ching-ling (died 1981) Nie Rongzhen (resigned 1980) Liu Bocheng (resigned 1980) Ulanhu Wu De (resigned 1980) Wei Guoqing Chen Yun Guo Moruo (died 1978) Tan Zhenlin Li Jingquan Zhang Dingcheng (resigned 1980; died 1981) Cai Chang (resigned 1980) Deng Yingchao Seypidin Azizi Liao Chengzhi Ji Pengfei (secretary-general; resigned 1980) Ngapoi Ngawang Jigme Zhou Jianren (resigned 1980) Xu Deheng Hu Juewen Peng Zhen (added 1979) Xiao Jinguang (added 1979) Zhu Yunshan (added 1979; died 1981) Shi Liang (added 1979) Peng Chong (added 1980) Xi Zhongxun (added 1980) Su Yu (added 1980) Yang Shangkun (added 1980; secretary-general) Choekyi Gyaltsen, Panchen Erdeni (added 1980) Zhu Xuefan (added 1981)
6th (1983–1988)	Chen Pixian Wei Guoqing Geng Biao Hu Juewen Xu Deheng Peng Chong Wang Renzhong Shi Liang Zhu Xuefan Ngapoi Ngawang Jigme Choekyi Gyaltsen, Panchen Erdeni Seypidin Azizi Zhou Gucheng Yan Jici Hu Yuzhi Rong Yiren Ye Fei Liao Hansheng Han Xianchu Huang Hua Chu Tunan (added 1986)
7th (1988–1993)	Xi Zhongxun Ulanhu Peng Chong (secretary-general) Wei Guoqing Zhu Xuefan Ngapoi Ngawang Jigme Choekyi Gyaltsen, Panchen Erdeni Seypidin Azizi Zhou Gucheng Yan Jici Rong Yiren Ye Fei Liao Hansheng Ni Zhifu Chen Muhua Fei Xiaotong Sun Qimeng Lei Jieqiong Wang Hanbin
8th (1993–1998)	Tian Jiyun Wang Hanbin Ni Zhifu Chen Muhua Fei Xiaotong Sun Qimeng Lei Jieqiong Qin Jiwei Li Ximing Wang Bingqian Pagbalha Geleg Namgyai Wang Guangying Cheng Siyuan Lu Jiaxi Buhe Tömür Dawamat Gan Ku Li Peiyao (murdered 1996) Wu Jieping
9th (1998–2003)	Tian Jiyun Xie Fei Jiang Chunyun Zou Jiahua Pagbalha Geleg Namgyai Wang Guangying Cheng Siyuan Buhe Tömür Dawamat Wu Jieping Peng Peiyun He Luli Zhou Guangzhao ~~Cheng Kejie~~ (dismissed & executed 2000) Cao Zhi Ding Shisun Cheng Siwei Xu Jialu Jiang Zhenghua
10th (2003–2008)	Wang Zhaoguo Li Tieying Ismail Amat He Luli Ding Shisun Cheng Siwei Xu Jialu Jiang Zhenghua Gu Xiulian Raidi Sheng Huaren Lu Yongxiang Uyunqimg Han Qide Fu Tieshan
11th (2008–2013)	Wang Zhaoguo Lu Yongxiang Uyunqimg Han Qide Hua Jianmin Chen Zhili Zhou Tienong Li Jianguo (secretary-general) Ismail Tiliwaldi Jiang Shusheng Chen Changzhi Yan Junqi Sang Guowei
12th (2013–2018)	Li Jianguo Wang Shengjun Chen Changzhi Yan Junqi Wang Chen (secretary-general) Shen Yueyue Ji Bingxuan Zhang Ping Qiangba Puncog Arken Imirbaki Wan Exiang Zhang Baowen Chen Zhu
13th (2018–2023)	Wang Chen Cao Jianming Zhang Chunxian Shen Yueyue Ji Bingxuan Arken Imirbaki Wan Exiang Chen Zhu Wang Dongming Padma Choling Ding Zhongli Hao Mingjin Cai Dafeng Wu Weihua
14th (2023–2028)	Li Hongzhong Wang Dongming Xiao Jie Zheng Jianbang Ding Zhongli Hao Mingjin Cai Dafeng He Wei Wu Weihua Tie Ning Peng Qinghua Zhang Qingwei Losang Jamcan Shohrat Zakir

v t e Vice chairpersons of the National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference
1st (1949–1954)	Zhou Enlai Li Jishen Shen Junru Guo Moruo Chen Shutong
2nd (1954–1959)	Soong Ching-ling Dong Biwu Li Jishen Zhang Lan Guo Moruo Peng Zhen Shen Junru Huang Yanpei He Xiangning Li Weihan Li Siguang Chen Shutong ~~Zhang Bojun~~ (removed 1956) Tan Kah Kee Choekyi Gyaltsen, Panchen Erdeni Burhan Shahidi (added 1958)
3rd (1959–1965)	Peng Zhen Li Jishen Guo Moruo Shen Junru Huang Yanpei ~~Li Weihan~~ (removed 1964) Li Siguang Chen Shutong Tan Kah Kee Burhan Shahidi Chen Yi Kang Sheng Pagbalha Geleg Namgyai Ngapoi Ngawang Jigme He Xiangning (added 1960)
4th (1965–1978)	Peng Zhen Chen Yi Ye Jianying Huang Yanpei Chen Shutong Liu Lantao Song Renqiong Xu Bing Gao Chongmin Cai Tingkai Wei Guoqing Deng Zihui Li Siguang Fu Zuoyi Teng Daiyuan Xie Juezai Mao Dun Li Zhuchen Pagbalha Geleg Namgyai Xu Deheng Li Dequan Ma Xulun
5th (1978–1983)	Ulanhu Wei Guoqing Peng Chong Zhao Ziyang Guo Moruo Song Renqiong Mao Dun Xu Deheng Ouyang Qin Shi Liang Zhu Yunshan Kang Keqing Ji Fang Wang Shoudao Yang Jingren Zhang Chong Pagbalha Geleg Namgyai Zhou Jianren Zhuang Xiquan Hu Zi'ang Rong Yiren Tong Dizhou Liu Lantao (added; secretary-general) Lu Dingyi (added) Li Weihan (added) Hu Yuzhi (added) Wang Kunlun (added) Choekyi Gyaltsen, Panchen Erdeni (added) He Changgong (added) Xiao Ke (added) Cheng Zihua (added) Yang Xiufeng (added) Sha Qianli (added) Burhan Shahidi (added) Zhou Peiyuan (added) Qian Changzhao (added) Liu Fei (added) Dong Qiwu (added) Seydulla Seypullayov (added)
6th (1983–1988)	Yang Jingren Liu Lantao Lu Dingyi Cheng Zihua Kang Keqing Ji Fang Zhuang Xiquan Pagbalha Geleg Namgyai Hu Zi'ang Wang Kunlun Qian Changzhao Dong Qiwu Tao Zhiyue Zhou Shutao Yang Chengwu Xiao Hua Chen Zaidao Lü Zhengcao Zhou Jianren Zhou Peiyuan Burhan Shahidi Miao Yuntai Wang Guangying Deng Zhaoxiang Fei Xiaotong Zhao Puchu Ye Shengtao Qu Wu Ba Jin Ma Wenrui (added) Mao Yisheng (added) Liu Jingji (added) Hua Luogeng (added) Wang Enmao (added) Qian Xuesen (added) Lei Jieqiong (added) Wang Feng (added) Qian Weichang (added)
7th (1988–1993)	Wang Renzhong Yan Mingfu Fang Yi Gu Mu Yang Jingren Kang Keqing Pagbalha Geleg Namgyai Hu Zi'ang Qian Changzhao Zhou Peiyuan Miao Yuntai Wang Guangying Deng Zhaoxiang Zhao Puchu Qu Wu Ba Jin Ma Wenrui Liu Jingji Wang Enmao Qian Xuesen Qian Weichang Hu Sheng Sun Xiaocun Cheng Siyuan Lu Jiaxi Qian Zhengying Su Buqing Ismail Amat Hou Jingru (added) K. H. Ting (added) Hong Xuezhi (added) Ye Xuanping (added)
8th (1993–1998)	Ye Xuanping Wu Xueqian Yang Rudai Wang Zhaoguo Ngapoi Ngawang Jigme Seypidin Azizi Hong Xuezhi Yang Jingren Zhou Peiyuan Deng Zhaoxiang Zhao Puchu Ba Jin Liu Jingji Qian Xuesen Qian Weichang Hu Sheng Qian Zhengying Su Buqing Hou Jingru K. H. Ting Dong Yinchu Sun Fuling Ann Tse-kai Henry Fok Ma Man-kei Zhu Guangya (added) Wan Guoquan (added) He Luli (added)
9th (1998–2003)	Ye Xuanping Yang Rudai Wang Zhaoguo Ngapoi Ngawang Jigme Zhao Puchu Ba Jin Qian Weichang Lu Jiaxi Ren Jianxin Song Jian Li Guixian Chen Junsheng Zhang Siqing Qian Zhengying K. H. Ting Sun Fuling Ann Tse-kai Henry Fok Ma Man-kei Zhu Guangya Wan Guoquan Hu Qili Chen Jinhua Zhao Nanqi Mao Zhiyong Bai Lichen Jing Shuping Luo Haocai Zhang Kehui Zhou Tienong Wang Wenyuan
10th (2003–2008)	Wang Zhongyu Liao Hui Liu Yandong Ngapoi Ngawang Jigme Ba Jin Pagbalha Geleg Namgyai Li Guixian Zhang Siqing K. H. Ting Henry Fok Ma Man-kei Bai Lichen Luo Haocai Zhang Kehui Zhou Tienong Hao Jianxiu Chen Kuiyuan Ablet Abdureshit Xu Kuangdi Li Zhaozhuo Huang Mengfu Wang Xuan Zhang Huaixi Li Meng Tung Chee-hwa (added 2005) Zhang Meiying (added 2005) Zhang Rongming (added 2005)
11th (2008–2013)	Wang Gang Liao Hui Du Qinglin Ngapoi Ngawang Jigme Pagbalha Geleg Namgyai Ma Man-kei Bai Lichen Chen Kuiyuan Ablet Abdureshit Li Zhaozhuo Huang Mengfu Tung Chee-hwa Zhang Meiying Zhang Rongming Qian Yunlu (secretary-general) Sun Jiazheng Li Jinhua Zheng Wantong Deng Pufang Wan Gang Lin Wenyi Li Wuwei Luo Fuhe Chen Zongxing Wang Zhizhen Edmund Ho (added 2010)
12th (2013–2018)	Du Qinglin ~~Ling Jihua~~ (removed 2015) Han Qide Pagbalha Geleg Namgyai Tung Chee-hwa Wan Gang Lin Wenyi Luo Fuhe Edmund Ho Zhang Qingli (secretary-general) Li Haifeng ~~Su Rong~~ (removed 2014) Chen Yuan Lu Zhangong Zhou Xiaochuan Wang Jiarui Wang Zhengwei Ma Biao Qi Xuchun Chen Xiaoguang Ma Peihua Liu Xiaofeng Wang Qinmin Leung Chun-ying (added 2017)
13th (2018–2023)	Zhang Qingli Liu Qibao Pagbalha Geleg Namgyai Tung Chee-hwa Wan Gang Edmund Ho Lu Zhangong Wang Zhengwei Ma Biao Chen Xiaoguang Leung Chun-ying Xia Baolong (secretary-general) Yang Chuantang Li Bin (secretary-general) Bagatur Wang Yongqing He Lifeng Su Hui Zheng Jianbang Gu Shengzu Liu Xincheng He Wei Shao Hong Gao Yunlong
14th (2023–present)	Shi Taifeng Hu Chunhua Shen Yueyue Wang Yong Zhou Qiang Pagbalha Geleg Namgyai Edmund Ho Leung Chun-ying Bagatur Su Hui Shao Hong Gao Yunlong Chen Wu Mu Hong Xian Hui Wang Dongfeng (secretary-general) Jiang Xinzhi Jiang Zuojun He Baoxiang Wang Guangqian Qin Boyong Zhu Yongxin Yang Zhen

v t e 1st Central Committee of the China Democratic League
December 1949 – February 1956
Chairperson	Zhang Lan^{[note 1]}→Shen Junru (Acting)^{[note 2]}
Vice Chairpersons	Shen Junru^{[note 3]} Zhang Bojun^{[note 4]} Luo Longji Ma Xulun Shi Liang Gao Chongmin
Secretary-General	Hu Yuzhi^{[note 5]}
Standing Committee Members	Zhang Lan Shen Junru Zhang Bojun ~~Zhang Dongsun~~^{[note 6]} Huang Yanpei Luo Longji Ma Xulun Peng Zemin Shi Liang Zhou Xinmin Pan Guangdan Zhou Jingwen Li Zhangda Qiu Zhe Hu Yuzhi Shen Zhiyuan Yang Mingxuan Gao Chongmin Xu Guangping Guo Zechen Li Xiangfu Chu Tunan Li Wenyi Wu Han Zeng Zhaolun Deng Chumin Yang Bokai
Members of the Central Political Bureau	Zhang Lan Shen Junru Zhang Bojun ~~Zhang Dongsun~~ Huang Yanpei Ma Xulun Luo Longji Shi Liang Peng Zemin Zhou Xinmin
Secretary-General	Zhang Bojun
^ Note 1: Zhang Lan was elected Chairperson at the Fourth and Fifth (Enlarged) Meetings of the 1st Central Committee on 20 December 1949, and died on 9 February 1955. ^ Note 2: Shen Junru was nominated as Acting Chairperson at the Enlarged Provisional Meeting of the Standing Committee of the Central Committee on 10 February 1955. ^ Note 3: Shen Junru was elected Vice Chairperson at the Fourth and Fifth (Enlarged) Meetings of the 1st Central Committee on 20 December 1949. ^ Note 4: Zhang Bojun, Luo Longji, Ma Xulun, Shi Liang, and Gao Chongmin were elected Vice Chairpersons at the Seventh Plenary Session of the 1st Central Committee on 8 June 1953. ^ Note 5: Hu Yuzhi was elected Secretary-General at the 42nd Meeting of the Standing Committee of the 1st Central Committee in 1953. ^ Note 6: Zhang Dongsun was expelled from the China Democratic League in May 1953.

v t e 2nd Central Committee of the China Democratic League
February 1956 – December 1958
Chairperson	Shen Junru
Vice Chairpersons	~~Zhang Bojun~~^{[note 1]} ~~Luo Longji~~^{[note 2]} Ma Xulun Shi Liang Gao Chongmin
Secretary-General	Hu Yuzhi
Standing Committee Members	Qiu Zhe ~~Ye Duyi~~ Liu Qingyang Wu Han Li Wenyi Li Xiangfu ~~Shen Zhiyuan~~ Xin Zhichao Zhou Xinmin Zhou Jingwen Chen Wangdao Hu Yuzhi Xu Shouxuan ~~Ma Zhemin~~ Xu Jie Xu Guangping Guo Zechen ~~Guo Qiaoran~~ Peng Zemin ~~Zeng Zhaolun~~ Hua Luogeng ~~Fei Xiaotong~~ Min Ganghou Huang Yanpei ~~Huang Yaomian~~ Yang Mingxuan Chu Tunan ~~Pan Dakui~~ ~~Pan Guangdan~~ Deng Chumin ~~Qian Duansheng~~ Sa Kongliao ~~Han Zhao'e~~
Note: Names struck through were designated as rightists at the 17th (Enlarged) Meeting of the Standing Committee of the Central Committee of the China Democratic League in late January 1958. ^ Note 1: Zhang Bojun was removed from the position of Vice Chairperson of the Central Committee and demoted to Standing Committee Member of the Central Committee. ^ Note 2: Luo Longji was removed from the position of Vice Chairperson of the Central Committee and retained as a Member of the Central Committee.

v t e 3rd Central Committee of the China Democratic League
December 1958 – October 1979
Chairperson	Shen Junru^{[note 1]}→Yang Mingxuan^{[note 2]}
Vice Chairpersons	Yang Mingxuan Ma Xulun Shi Liang Gao Chongmin Hu Yuzhi Deng Chumin Chen Wangdao Wu Han Chu Tunan
Secretary-General	Min Ganghou^{[note 3]}→Hu Yuzhi (concurrently)^{[note 4]}
Standing Committee Members	Qian Jiaju Wang Dezi Tian Yiping Liu Qingyang Hua Luogeng Wu Hongbin Li Wenyi Li Xiangfu Wang Shiming Shen Zijiu Xin Zhichao Zhou Jianren Zhou Xinmin Jin Yuelin Xu Shouxuan Zhang Guofan Liang Sicheng Xu Jie Xu Chongqing Tong Dizhou Min Ganghou Huang Yanpei Wen Jiasi Sa Kongliao Zhang Bojun
^ Shen Junru died in June 1963. ^ Yang Mingxuan was elected Chairperson of the Central Committee of the China Democratic League at the Fourth Plenary Session of the Fourth Central Committee in December 1963. ^ Due to illness, Min Ganghou was replaced by acting Secretary-General Xu Shouxuan in 1961, and by acting Secretary-General Li Wenyi in July 1963. Min Ganghou resigned from the post of Secretary-General in December 1963. ^ In December 1963, Hu Yuzhi, Vice Chairperson, was appointed concurrently as Secretary-General by the Standing Committee of the Central Committee of the China Democratic League.