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SN 2025pht

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SN 2025pht
SN 2025pht progenitor (red star) within NGC 1637 imaged by Hubble (HST) and James Webb (JWST)
Event typeSupernova
II-P
Date29 June 2025, 14:47:29[1]
InstrumentASAS-SN
ConstellationEridanus
Right ascension04h 41m 28.93s[2]
Declination−02° 51′ 56.2″[2]
EpochJ2000
Distance31.9 ± 5.9 Mly (9.8 ± 1.8 Mpc)[3]
Redshift0.002392[4]
HostNGC 1637
ProgenitorRed supergiant
Peak apparent magnitude+13.3[1]
Other designationsSN 2025pht, ASASSN-25cw, ATLAS25qmv, GOTO24ker, ZTF25abjlnnh, BGEM J044128.86-025155.6[5][1]
Preceded bySN 2025qbl[6]
Followed bySN 2025pic[7]
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SN 2025pht (also known as ASASSN-25cw) was a Type II-P supernova that occurred in galaxy NGC 1637, a spiral galaxy located approximately 31.9 million light-years away in the constellation of Eridanus.[8] Discovered on 29 June 2025 by the All Sky Automated Survey for SuperNovae (ASAS-SN), it reached a peak apparent magnitude of approximately +13.3 in the g-Sloan filter and was one of the brightest supernovae observed in 2025.[1][9][10]

Observation

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Pre-explosion imaging of the site of SN 2025pht, combined with precise astrometric alignment Hubble Space Telescope observations from 31 July 2025, identified a single credible progenitor candidate.[8] This source was detected in multiple epochs of HST imaging (including images from as early as 1994) and in JWST NIRCam and MIRI imaging from 2024, covering wavelengths from 0.8 μm to 8.7 μm.[8] It represents the first JWST detection of a supernova progenitor and the longest-wavelength detection of such a star to date.[11]

Comparison of spectrum of SN 2004et and SN 2025pht

Spectral energy distribution (SED) modeling indicates the progenitor was a red supergiant (RSG) consistent with a Type II supernova progenitor.[8] The star was heavily reddened by circumstellar dust, among the highest observed for such progenitors.[8] Notably, the dust appears to be carbon-rich (graphite-rich) rather than silicate-rich, suggesting late-stage mass-loss episodes that dredged up carbon from the star's interior shortly before explosion.[8][12] The progenitor was not prominently visible in optical HST images due to this dust but was clearly detected in infrared by JWST.[11]

SN 2025pht has been compared to other events like SN 2023ixf and SN 2004et. SN 2025pht's progenitor was found to be potentially among the most luminous and dustiest identified[11], and SN 2025pht's spectrum closely matches the spectrum of SN 2004et.[8]

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References

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  1. ^ a b c d "2025pht | Transient Name Server". wis-tns.org. Retrieved 2026-05-11.
  2. ^ a b "SN 2025pht in NGC 1637 - NASA Science". 2026-02-23. Retrieved 2026-05-11.
  3. ^ Crowther, Paul A. (2013-01-21). "On the association between core-collapse supernovae and H ii regions". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 428 (3): 1927–1943. arXiv:1210.1126. Bibcode:2013MNRAS.428.1927C. doi:10.1093/mnras/sts145. ISSN 1365-2966.
  4. ^ Pérez-Fournon, I.; Elías-Rosa, N.; Poidevin, F.; Aguado, D.; López-Oramas, A.; Nespral, D. (2025). "SN 2025pht in NGC 1637: LCO position and identification of the progenitor star candidate in HST and JWST image". Transient Name Server AstroNote. 216: 1. Bibcode:2025TNSAN.216....1P.
  5. ^ "SN 2025pht". SIMBAD. Centre de données astronomiques de Strasbourg. Retrieved 2026-05-11.
  6. ^ "2025qbl | Transient Name Server". wis-tns.org. Retrieved 2026-05-12.
  7. ^ "2025pic | Transient Name Server". wis-tns.org. Retrieved 2026-05-12.
  8. ^ a b c d e f g Kilpatrick, Charles D.; Suresh, Aswin; Davis, Kyle W.; Drout, Maria R.; Foley, Ryan J.; Gagliano, Alexander; Jacobson-Galán, Wynn V.; Kaur, Ravjit; Taggart, Kirsty; Vazquez, Jason (2025-10-10). "The Type II SN 2025pht in NGC 1637: A Red Supergiant with Carbon-rich Circumstellar Dust as the First JWST Detection of a Supernova Progenitor Star". The Astrophysical Journal Letters. 992 (1): L10. arXiv:2508.10994. Bibcode:2025ApJ...992L..10K. doi:10.3847/2041-8213/ae04de. ISSN 2041-8205.
  9. ^ "AstroNote 2025-216". Transient Name Server. 16 July 2025. Retrieved 26 May 2026.
  10. ^ Bishop, David. "List of supernovae sorted by Magnitude for 2025". rochesterastronomy.org. Retrieved 17 June 2026.
  11. ^ a b c "NASA's Webb Telescope Locates Former Star That Exploded as Supernova - NASA Science". 2026-02-23. Retrieved 2026-05-11.
  12. ^ Gough, Evan (2026-02-24). "This Supernova Progenitor Hid Behind a Surprisingly Thick Veil of Carbon Dust". Universe Today. Retrieved 2026-05-11.
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