Penstemon eriantherus
| Penstemon eriantherus | |
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Scientific classification 
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| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Clade: | Embryophytes |
| Clade: | Tracheophytes |
| Clade: | Spermatophytes |
| Clade: | Angiosperms |
| Clade: | Eudicots |
| Clade: | Asterids |
| Order: | Lamiales |
| Family: | Plantaginaceae |
| Genus: | Penstemon |
| Species: | P. eriantherus
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| Binomial name | |
| Penstemon eriantherus | |
| Varieties[2] | |
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Penstemon eriantherus is a species of flowering plant in the plantain family known by the common names fuzzytongue penstemon and crested penstemon. It is native to western North America, where it occurs in western Canada and the northwestern and north-central United States.[3]
This species is a perennial herb growing from a woody caudex and thick taproot. It branches into several stems that reach up to 40 centimeters tall. Much of the herbage is coated in gray hairs, and the inflorescence can be glandular. The oppositely arranged leaves are up to 13 centimeters long and are sometimes slightly toothed along the edges. The flower is borne in a calyx of narrow, pointed sepals. The corolla is up to 4 centimeters long with a mouth up to 1.4 centimeters wide. It is lavender to reddish or bluish purple. The lower lip and the staminode are heavily bearded with yellowish hairs.[4][5]
This plant grows on clay soils[5] in dry, open habitat.[4] In Washington it grows in plant communities dominated by antelope bitterbrush (Purshia tridentata) and Indian ricegrass (Oryzopsis hymenoides), purple sage (Salvia dorrii) and bluebunch wheatgrass (Pseudoroegneria spicata), and rabbitbrush (Ericameria nauseosa).[6] It occurs on rocky soils in sagebrush habitat. Its ability to live in a relatively rough habitat may help it persist in disturbed areas, such as eroded trails.[7]
Taxonomy
[edit]Penstemon eriantherus was scientifically described by Frederick Traugott Pursh in 1813.[2] Pursh credited the name to the Fraser's Catalogue written by Thomas Nuttall.[8] It is classified in the genus Penstemon as part of the Plantaginaceae family. It has five accepted varieties.[2]
- Penstemon eriantherus var. argillosus – Endemic to Oregon[9]
- Penstemon eriantherus var. cleburnei – Native to Wyoming and Utah[10]
- Penstemon eriantherus var. eriantherus – Widespread from British Columbia to Colorado[11]
- Penstemon eriantherus var. redactus – Oregon to Montana[12]
- Penstemon eriantherus var. whitedii – Endemic to Washington state[13]
Penstemon eriantherus has 13 synonyms of the species or one of its five varieties.[14]
| Name | Year | Rank | Synonym of: | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Chelone cristata Spreng. | 1825 | species | var. eriantherus | = het. |
| Chelone erianthera (Nutt. ex Pursh) Steud. | 1821 | species | P. eriantherus | ≡ hom. |
| Penstemon cleburnei M.E.Jones | 1908 | species | var. cleburnei | ≡ hom. |
| Penstemon cristatus Nutt. | 1818 | species | var. eriantherus | = het. |
| Penstemon dayanus Howell | 1901 | species | var. argillosus | = het. |
| Penstemon eriantherus var. grandis Pennell & D.D.Keck | 1938 | variety | var. eriantherus | = het. |
| Penstemon eriantherus var. saliens (Rydb.) Pennell | 1920 | variety | var. eriantherus | = het. |
| Penstemon saliens Rydb. | 1900 | species | var. eriantherus | = het. |
| Penstemon whitedii Piper | 1896 | species | var. whitedii | ≡ hom. |
| Penstemon whitedii var. dayanus (Howell) M.Peck | 1941 | variety | var. argillosus | = het. |
| Penstemon whitedii subsp. dayanus (Howell) D.D.Keck | 1938 | subspecies | var. argillosus | = het. |
| Penstemon whitedii subsp. tristis Pennell & D.D.Keck | 1938 | subspecies | var. redactus | = het. |
| Penstemon whitedii subsp. typicus D.D.Keck | 1938 | subspecies | var. whitedii | ≡ hom., not validly publ. |
| Notes: ≡ homotypic synonym ; = heterotypic synonym | ||||
Names
[edit]It is known by the common names crested penstemon,[15] crested beardtongue,[16] crested-tongue beardtongue,[16] fuzzytongue penstemon,[17] fuzzy-tongue penstemon,[16] fuzzy tongue penstemon,[15] or fuzzy-tongue beardtongue.[16]
See also
[edit]References
[edit]Citations
[edit]- ^ NatureServe 2026.
- ^ a b c POWO 2026a.
- ^ "Penstemon eriantherus". Germplasm Resources Information Network. Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture. Retrieved 25 January 2018.
- ^ a b Penstemon eriantherus. Burke Museum of Natural History and Culture. University of Washington. 2013.
- ^ a b Crested Beardtongue (Penstemon eriantherus). Archived 2013-07-03 at the Wayback Machine Native Wildflowers of the North Dakota Grasslands. Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center. USGS.
- ^ Penstemon eriantherus var. whitedii (Whited's penstemon). Washington Department of Natural Resources, Washington Natural Heritage Program and Bureau of Land Management. 2005.
- ^ Meinke, R. J. Assessment of the genus Penstemon (Scrophulariaceae) within the Interior Columbia River Basin of Oregon and Washington. Interior Columbia Basin Ecosystem Management Project. 1995.
- ^ Pursh 1813, p. 738.
- ^ POWO 2026b.
- ^ POWO 2026c.
- ^ POWO 2026d.
- ^ POWO 2026e.
- ^ POWO 2026f.
- ^ POWO 2026a; POWO 2026b; POWO 2026c; POWO 2026d; POWO 2026e; POWO 2026f.
- ^ a b Lindgren & Wilde 2003, p. 39.
- ^ a b c d VASCAN 2026.
- ^ NRCS 2026.
Sources
[edit]Books
[edit]- Lindgren, Dale Tennis; Wilde, Ellen; American Penstemon Society (2003). Growing Penstemons : Species, Cultivars, and Hybrids (First ed.). Haverford, Pennsylvania: Infinity Publishing. ISBN 978-0-7414-1529-5. LCCN 2004272722. OCLC 54110971. Retrieved 28 March 2026.
- Pursh, Frederick (1813). Flora Americae Septentrionalis; or, A systematic arrangement and description of the plants of North America. Containing, besides what have been described by preceding authors, many new and rare species, collected during twelve years travels and residence in that country. Vol. II (First ed.). London: Printed for White, Cochrane, and Co. OCLC 1963748. Retrieved 28 March 2026.
Web sources
[edit]- NatureServe (27 February 2026). "Penstemon eriantherus". NatureServe Explorer. Arlington, Virginia. Retrieved 28 March 2026.
- NRCS (2026). "Penstemon eriantherus". PLANTS Database. United States Department of Agriculture (USDA). Retrieved 28 March 2026.
- POWO (2026a). "Penstemon eriantherus Nutt. ex Pursh". Plants of the World Online. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved 28 March 2026.
- POWO (2026b). "Penstemon eriantherus var. argillosus M.E.Jones". Plants of the World Online. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved 28 March 2026.
- POWO (2026c). "Penstemon eriantherus var. cleburnei (M.E.Jones) Dorn". Plants of the World Online. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved 28 March 2026.
- POWO (2026d). "Penstemon eriantherus var. eriantherus". Plants of the World Online. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved 28 March 2026.
- POWO (2026e). "Penstemon eriantherus var. redactus Pennell & D.D.Keck". Plants of the World Online. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved 28 March 2026.
- POWO (2026f). "Penstemon eriantherus var. whitedii (Piper) A.Nelson". Plants of the World Online. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved 28 March 2026.
- VASCAN; Acadia University; Université de Montréal Biodiversity Centre; University of Toronto Mississauga; University of British Columbia (2026). "Penstemon eriantherus Pursh - Database of Vascular Plants of Canada (VASCAN)". Canadensys. Archived from the original on 9 April 2023. Retrieved 28 March 2026.