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Luigi (character)

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This article is about the Nintendo character. For other characters named Luigi, see Luigi (given name) § Fictional characters. For other uses, see Luigi.

Luigi
Mario character
2D art of a cartoon plumber with a mustache, a large round nose, a green cap with the letter L in a white circle, a green shirt, indigo overalls, and brown shoes.
Promotional art by Shigehisa Nakaue (2017)
First gameMario Bros. (1983)
Created byShigeru Miyamoto
Designed by
Voiced by
Language-neutral
Portrayed by
In-universe information
OccupationPlumber
FamilyMario (brother)
NationalityItalian (games)[8]
Italian-American (other media)

Luigi (/luˈiːdʒi/ ⓘ; Japanese: ルイージ, romanized: Ruīji) is a character created by Japanese video game designer Shigeru Miyamoto. Part of Nintendo's Mario franchise, he is a kind-hearted, cowardly Italian plumber, and Mario's slightly younger twin brother[9] and partner of Mario. Like his brother, Luigi's distinctive characteristics include his large nose and mustache, overalls, hat (green, in his case), and high-pitched, exaggerated Italian accent.

Luigi first appeared in Mario Bros., a 1983 platform game, in which he was originally designed as a palette swap of Mario with a green color scheme; Luigi has since appeared in multiple games and other media throughout the Mario franchise, in which he developed a personality and style of his own. As his role in the Mario franchise progressed, Luigi evolved into a physically distinct character, and became the main protagonist of Mario Is Missing! and the Luigi's Mansion series. Charles Martinet voiced Luigi from 1992 to 2023, when he was succeeded by Kevin Afghani.

Luigi has appeared in over 200 video games. These include puzzle games such as Dr. Luigi, role-playing games such as Paper Mario and Mario & Luigi, and sports games such as Mario Kart and Mario Tennis. Luigi has also appeared in other Nintendo properties, such as the Super Smash Bros. series of crossover fighting games. From March 2013 to March 2014, Nintendo called the period the Year of Luigi to commemorate the thirtieth anniversary of the character's existence. Correspondingly, games released in 2013 emphasized Luigi. An unlockable Luigi-themed version of Mario Bros., titled Luigi Bros., was also included with Super Mario 3D World.

Luigi's likeness has been featured in merchandise based on the Mario series, as well as comic books and television shows such as The Super Mario Bros. Super Show, in which he was portrayed by Danny Wells. He was also portrayed by John Leguizamo in the live-action film Super Mario Bros. (1993) and voiced by Charlie Day in the animated films The Super Mario Bros. Movie (2023) and The Super Mario Galaxy Movie (2026).

Concept and characteristics

The emblem that appears on Luigi's hat and as a symbol for him in many game interfaces (left), and his creator Shigeru Miyamoto (right).

Luigi is the taller, younger brother of Mario, and is usually seen dressed in a green shirt, dark blue overalls, and a green hat with a green "L" insignia; like Mario, he is a plumber.[10] Luigi's creation began during the development of Donkey Kong, where Shigeru Miyamoto had created Jumpman (later known as Mario), hoping that he would be able to recast the character in a variety of roles in future games. Miyamoto was inspired by the 1982 video game Joust to create Mario Bros.[11] During development of the game, he created Luigi by swapping Mario's color palette.[12]

It is currently unconfirmed how Luigi received his name, although there are many theories. New Straits Times noted that Miyamoto observed the Japanese word ruiji means "similar", thus explaining the similarities of Luigi to Mario.[13] Rus McLaughlin of IGN wrote that theories from a rhyme on the Japanese word for "analogous" and a pizza parlor near Minoru Arakawa's office called Mario & Luigi's were considered.[12]

Super Mario Bros.: The Lost Levels marked the beginning of Luigi's development toward becoming a more distinguished character, with his higher and farther jump.[10] Then, in 1988, Nintendo released Super Mario Bros. 3 in Japan and Super Mario Bros. 2 in the West (and later released in Japan as Super Mario USA), as well as Famicom Grand Prix II: 3D Hot Rally, a racing game for the Famicom Disk System, playing a key role in shaping Luigi's current appearance. While the art for these games, done by Yoichi Kotabe,[14] depicts a tall and skinny Luigi, SMB2 was the first game with an in-game sprite that was not identical to Mario.[12][15] His appearance in Luigi's Mansion help developed Luigi's cautious and timid personality as he was known however, according to the manual for Mario Party, he's smarter than his older brother Mario.[16] Being the younger twin of Mario, Luigi is presumed to be in his early 20s at most and raises the possibility that he's a teenager.[17] Nintendo did not initially give Luigi a surname. The first notable use of "Luigi Mario" was in the 1993 live-action film adaptation. In September 2015, at the Super Mario Bros. 30th Anniversary festival, Miyamoto stated that Mario's full name was Mario Mario, indirectly confirming Luigi's full name as Luigi Mario.[18][19]

Actor portrayal

Charles Martinet voiced Luigi for over 30 years before shifting to a brand ambassador position.

Much like his appearance, Luigi's vocal portrayal has fluctuated over the years. Mario Kart 64, in which many characters were voiced for the first time, some characters, including Luigi, had two different voices; the North American and European versions of the game feature a low-pitched voice for Luigi, provided by Charles Martinet, who also voiced Mario, Wario, and Waluigi. The Japanese version uses a high-pitched, falsetto voice, provided by the then French translator at Nintendo, Julien Bardakoff. Inconsistent voice acting continued with many Nintendo 64 games; all versions of Mario Party feature Bardakoff's high-pitched clips from Mario Kart 64.[1]

Luigi retained this higher voice in Mario Party 2. In Mario Golf, Mario Tennis, and Mario Party 3, his voice returned to a lower state. Since then, with the exceptions of Mario Kart: Super Circuit and Super Smash Bros. Melee, Luigi has consistently had a medium-pitched voice, performed by Martinet until 2023 and Kevin Afghani since 2023. In Mario Kart: Super Circuit, Luigi's voice was the same high-pitched voice from the Japanese version of Mario Kart 64. In Super Smash Bros. and Super Smash Bros. Melee, Luigi's voice is made up of clips from Mario's voice taken from Super Mario 64, with raised pitches. In Super Smash Bros. Brawl, Super Smash Bros. for Nintendo 3DS and Wii U, and Super Smash Bros. Ultimate, he has his own voice (which is medium-pitched) instead of a pitched-up version of Mario's.[citation needed] Luigi was voiced by Charlie Day in the 2023 film adaptation and 2026 film adaption and was given a somewhat higher-pitched voice.[5]

In video games

Main article: List of Luigi video games
The arcade version of Mario Bros., released in 1983, featured Luigi (right) in his debut appearance as a palette swap of Mario (left).

2D Mario games

Luigi's first appearance was in the 1983 arcade game Mario Bros. (and its Game & Watch version[20]) as the character controlled by the second player. He retained this role in Wrecking Crew.[21][22] He later appeared in Super Mario Bros. for the NES,[10] and again in Super Mario Bros.: The Lost Levels, Super Mario Bros. 2, Super Mario Bros. 3, and Super Mario World. Super Mario Bros. 2 introduced Luigi as the taller of the two brothers, as well as the better jumper.[23] Super Mario Bros. 3, and Super Mario World returned to featuring Luigi as identical to Mario.[24] Super Princess Peach features a role reversal, where Peach must rescue Mario and Luigi from Bowser.[25]

Luigi became playable as a hidden character in the Nintendo DS game New Super Mario Bros.[26] He appears as a playable character in New Super Mario Bros. Wii, where four players can play at once cooperatively as Mario, Luigi, and two Toads. He is also playable in Super Mario 3D Land, New Super Mario Bros. 2, and New Super Mario Bros. U. Luigi also appeared in Super Mario 3D World along with his brother, Peach, Rosalina and Toad.[9]

New Super Luigi U is downloadable content for New Super Mario Bros. U. It features Luigi as the main character with levels altered to his specific play abilities, including higher jumping. The DLC is also available as a standalone retail version.[27][28]

Included in NES Remix 2 is Super Luigi Bros., a Luigi-themed and mirrored version of Super Mario Bros.[29] Luigi is playable in Nintendo World Championships: NES Edition.[30]

Super Mario Bros. 35 includes Luigi as an unlockable character.[31] In Super Mario Maker 2, Luigi serves as an assist mode that will allow the computer to finish a level for the player. He is also a playable character.[32][33] Luigi is included as a playable character in Super Mario Bros. Wonder.[34][35]

3D Mario games

Luigi is less prominent in the single-player Super Mario games. He was absent from Super Mario 64 and Super Mario Sunshine.[36] However, the Nintendo DS remake of Super Mario 64 features him as a playable character alongside Mario, Yoshi, and Wario.[37] He is, again, not playable in Super Mario Odyssey.

He can be unlocked as a playable character in the Wii game Super Mario Galaxy.[38] In its sequel, Super Mario Galaxy 2, the player can switch out for Luigi throughout the game.[39] Luigi is not playable in Super Mario Odyssey, but he appears in the game after completing the main story.[40]

Yoshi series

Luigi is playable in the 2-player game mode for Yoshi on Game Boy.[41] In Super Mario World 2: Yoshi's Island, Baby Mario and Yoshi must save Baby Luigi after Kamek tries to abduct both brothers.[42] He returns in a similar role in Yoshi's Island DS.[43] In Yoshi Touch & Go, the player must rescue Baby Luigi in the Time Attack game mode. He is also playable in Vs. mode.[44]

Luigi's Mansion series

Luigi received his own starring role in the 2001 video game Luigi's Mansion, where he wins a mansion from a contest he never entered, and saves Mario from King Boo.[45] He reprised his role in the sequel Luigi's Mansion: Dark Moon[46] (and its remake Luigi's Mansion 2 HD).[47] A first-person on-rails shooter for arcades was designed by Sega, called Luigi's Mansion Arcade.[48][49] A third installment, Luigi's Mansion 3, was also released.[50]

Mario RPG series

Luigi has appeared in every Mario role-playing game. While he originally made a cameo appearance in the end credits of Super Mario RPG,[51] he appears more prominently in the Paper Mario series. He is a non-playable character in the original Paper Mario. In the sequel Paper Mario: The Thousand-Year Door, he appears yet again as a non-player character, going on a separate adventure from Mario's. Super Paper Mario features him as a playable character with his own unique ability.[52] In Paper Mario: Sticker Star, Luigi plays a minor role and can be found in the background of certain levels for a coin reward.[53] In Color Splash, Luigi appears at the end of the game driving a kart and helps Mario reach Bowser's Castle.[54] In Paper Mario: The Origami King, he once again helps Mario by retrieving the keys of Peach's Castle himself.[55]

The Mario & Luigi series from AlphaDream features Luigi as a main protagonist and puts greater focus on his character.[56][57] In Superstar Saga, the brothers must save Peach's voice, which has been stolen by the evil Cackletta.[58] Partners in Time has them teaming up with Baby Mario and Baby Luigi through time travel.[59] Bowser's Inside Story follows Mario and Luigi after they are inhaled by Bowser.[60] Dream Team, adds new gameplay mechanics during segments where Mario enters Luigi's dreams.[61] Paper Jam is a crossover with the Paper Mario series and has Mario and Luigi teaming up with a paper version of Mario.[62] Following the shutdown of AlphaDream in 2019, the series was revived in 2024 with Brothership.[63] The game follows Mario and Luigi as they travel aboard a floating island-ship. A mechanic introduced in the game, called Luigi Logic, has Luigi act independently from the player.[64]

Puzzle games

He appears in the 1989 Tetris for the Game Boy, where Mario and Luigi appear as player avatars in the game's two-player mode.[15] In the puzzle-platformer game Mario & Wario, the player must guide Mario, who has a bucket on his head, to his brother, so he can remove it.[65]

Several games in the Dr. Mario series feature his counterpart Dr. Luigi. He stars in Dr. Luigi, a digital title for the Wii U.[66] Dr. Luigi returns as a playable character in Dr. Mario: Miracle Cure.[67] The mobile game Dr. Mario World featured Dr. Luigi[68] and a variant known as Dr. Fire Luigi.[69]

Racing games

Famicom Grand Prix II: 3D Hot Rally, a 1988 racing game for the Famicom Disk System, features Mario and Luigi.[15][70] He appears in the Mario Kart series as a middleweight racer. He and his brother are typically the most well-rounded racers in the game.[71][72][73] Baby Luigi is also a playable character in many of these games as a lightweight or featherweight racer.[74][75]

Other games

1990's Luigi Hammer Toss Game Watch has the distinction of being the first game to feature Luigi as the main playable character.[76][77] The Yakuman DS mahjong game for Nintendo DS features Mario, Luigi, Bowser, and other characters related to the series.[78] In the Super Mario Run mobile game, Luigi is an unlockable character.[79]

He appears in the Mario Party series[80][81][82][83] and Mario sports games.[84][85][86][87] He is also a playable character in all installments of the Super Smash Bros. series. In several of the games, he is an unlockable character.[88][89] Luigi is also playable in the Mario & Sonic at the Olympics Games series.[90][91]

Luigi has also appeared in several games that were not developed by Nintendo. He is the main controllable character in Mario is Missing for the NES, SNES, and MS-DOS.[92] He was also featured in Hotel Mario for the Philips CD-i,[93][94] Super Mario Bros. & Friends: When I Grow Up,[95][96] Mario Teaches Typing on PC, and the Mario's Early Years series of games for SNES and MS-DOS,[22] and Mario's Game Gallery for DOS, Windows, and Macintosh.[97]

Mario, Luigi, and Peach were playable characters in the GameCube versions of SSX On Tour and NBA Street V3,[84] as well as Dance Dance Revolution: Mario Mix.[98][99] Luigi is also a playable character in Square Enix's Idataki Street DS for the Nintendo DS[100] and Fortune Street for the Wii.[101] Luigi and Rabbid Luigi are playable characters in the Mario + Rabbids series of tactical RPG games.[102][103]

In other media

A photo of John Leguizamo
A photo of Charlie Day
John Leguizamo and Charlie Day (voice) have portrayed Luigi in three theatrical films.

Luigi made an appearance in the 1986 film Super Mario Bros.: The Great Mission to Rescue Princess Peach! in which he was voiced by Yū Mizushima.[104] He was not given his consistent color scheme, sporting a yellow shirt with a blue hat, and overalls. In the film, Luigi is a greedy character and even leaves Mario at one point to look for coins. He was also a little more serious, but less courageous than his brother Mario, who constantly daydreamed about Princess Peach.[105][106] Luigi later made an appearance in the OVA Amada Anime Series: Super Mario Bros. released in 1989, in which the Mario characters portrayed in the story of Snow White. He appears at the end of the video to save Mario and Peach from the Wicked Queen, portrayed by Koopa.[107]

Luigi regularly appeared in The Super Mario Bros. Super Show!, airing from 1989 to 1990, which cast Danny Wells as both his live-action portrayal and voice.[104] In 1990's The Adventures of Super Mario Bros. 3 and 1991's Super Mario World, Luigi was voiced by Tony Rosato.[108] Luigi appeared in all 91 episodes of the three DiC Mario television animated series, in one of which his brother himself did not appear ("Life's Ruff" from The Adventures of Super Mario Bros. 3).

Luigi played a different role in the Super Mario Bros. film, where he was portrayed by John Leguizamo.[104] He is depicted as a more easy-going character in contrast to the cynical Mario, portrayed by Bob Hoskins.[109] In the film, Luigi is not Mario's twin, but is much younger to the point that Mario is said to have been like a surrogate father to him since their parents' deaths, and his romantic relationship with Daisy is one of the film's main plot elements.

Luigi appears in 2023's The Super Mario Bros. Movie, where he was voiced by Charlie Day.[110] Day again voiced Luigi in the 2026 sequel, The Super Mario Galaxy Movie.[111] Luigi, alongside his brother Mario, are residents of Brooklyn who recently began their own plumbing business. Both stumble upon a Pipe, and while Mario is transported to the Mushroom Kingdom, Luigi is transported to the Dark Land where he is captured by Bowser and his forces. He later reunites with Mario near the film's climax to defeat Bowser.

Reception

Allegra Frank of Polygon commented that the English manual for Mario Party described him as "smarter than Mario", but since Luigi's Mansion, Luigi has been defined by his wimpish persona, and due to being overshadowed by Mario, he "has an inferiority complex unparalleled in gaming".[16] Den of Geek writer David Crow thought Luigi was "cooler" than Mario because he "jumps higher, runs faster", and particularly praised his appearance in the 1993 Super Mario Bros. movie as portrayed by John Leguizamo.[112] Alex Siquig writing for The Ringer also felt that Luigi was unappreciated. He commented that Luigi has existed "within the confines of Mario's pixelated shadow since 1983" but felt that he had successfully carved out his own personality making a relatable character that is more than just a palette swap for Mario.[113]

Year of Luigi

Main article: Year of Luigi

On March 19, 2013, Nintendo began the "Year of Luigi". This included a year of Luigi-themed games like Luigi's Mansion: Dark Moon, Dr. Luigi, Mario & Luigi: Dream Team, and New Super Luigi U. A Luigi's Mansion statue was released on Club Nintendo. On March 19, 2014, the Year of Luigi ended.[114]

Fan games

In 2015, game designer Josh Millard released Ennuigi which relates the story of Luigi's inability to come to terms with the lack of narrative in the original Super Mario Bros.[115][116][117] In a Reddit thread, Millard commented that he enjoyed creating "a recharacterization of Luigi as a guy who's as legitimately confused and distressed by his strange life as you'd expect a person to be once removed from the bubble of cartoony context of the franchise."[118]

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