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GLM (AI)

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GLM
DeveloperZ.ai
ReleaseMarch 1, 2021; 5 years ago (2021-03-01)
Stable release
GLM-5.2
June 13, 2026; 10 days ago (2026-06-13)
PlatformCloud computing platforms
Local computers
Type
LicenseMIT License

GLM, short for General Language Model, is a series of open weight large language models developed by Chinese software company Z.ai. Though the first GLM model was published on 3 March 2021, it was released under the name ChatGLM as an AI-based chatbot in March 2023. It is also used in AI-assisted software development.[1]

GLM is the flagship model series of Z.ai, one of the six AI tigers of China. The weights to GLM models are released under the MIT License, allowing them to be run either locally or in the cloud.

History

[edit]

GLM was first described in an 18 March 2021 paper titled GLM: General Language Model Pretraining with Autoregressive Blank Infilling. In its initial release, it outperformed GPT and BERT models for several tasks.[2]

GLM was released as a chatbot in March 2023 under the name ChatGLM.[3] The company's benchmarks show that the 5.2 iteration of the model released in June 2026 was nearly as performant as Claude Opus 4.7 to 4.8.[4]

Models

[edit]
List of models
Name Release date License Ref.
GLM March 2021 Proprietary [1]
GLM-130B September 2022 MIT [1]
ChatGLM-6B March 2023 Proprietary [1]
GLM-4 January 2024 Proprietary [1]
GLM-4-Plus August 2024 Proprietary [5]
GLM-4-Voice October 2024 Source-available [5][6]
GLM-4.1V-Thinking July 2025 MIT [7][8]
GLM-4.5 July 2025 [9][10]
GLM-4.5V August 2025 [11][12]
GLM-4.6 September 2025 [13][14]
GLM-4.6V December 2025 [15][16]
GLM-4.7 December 2025 [17][18]
GLM-5 February 2026 [19][20][21]
GLM-5.1 April 2026 [22][23][24]
GLM-5.2 June 2026 [25][26][27]

Products

[edit]

In addition to the ability to run locally, GLM models are available via API at per-token costs directly from Z.ai. Z.ai also offers a subscription-based plan for API model access, the GLM Coding Plan. The plan is priced at approximately one tenth of a subscription to Claude Code.[28] Z.ai also collaborated with Alibaba Cloud to release AutoGLM, a tool to run GLM from a mobile phone app similarly to OpenClaw.[29]

See also

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References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b c d e "About us". zhipuai.cn.
  2. ^ "GLM: General Language Model Pretraining with Autoregressive Blank Infilling". arxiv.org.
  3. ^ "ChatGLM：预训练大模型探索与实践" (PDF). tsinghua.edu (in Chinese).
  4. ^ "CEO of Chinese Anthropic rival tells Elon Musk that China will have a Fable 5-class AI model before next year — it 'won't take that long' says Jie Tang in response to Musk's prediction of a Q1 target". tomshardware.com.
  5. ^ a b Nguyen, Britney (10 March 2025). "Meet the 'Six Tigers' that dominate China's AI industry". Quartz. Retrieved 12 April 2026.
  6. ^ "LICENSE · zai-org/glm-4-voice-9b". Hugging Face. 25 October 2024. Retrieved 12 April 2026.
  7. ^ Wen Zhou (2 July 2025). "智谱获浦东创投、张江集团 10 亿元战略投资，开源发布新一代通用视觉语言模型 GLM-4.1V-Thinking" [Zhipu Secures ¥1 Billion in Strategic Investment from Pudong Venture Capital and Zhangjiang Group, Open-Sources Next-Generation General-Purpose Vision-Language Model GLM-4.1V-Thinking]. ITHome (in Chinese). Retrieved 12 April 2026.
  8. ^ "README.md · zai-org/GLM-4.1V-9B-Thinking". 25 October 2025. Retrieved 12 April 2026 – via Hugging Face.
  9. ^ Cheng, Evelyn (28 July 2025). "China's latest AI model claims to be even cheaper to use than DeepSeek". CNBC. Retrieved 19 August 2025.
  10. ^ "README.md · zai-org/GLM-4.5". 11 August 2025. Retrieved 12 April 2026 – via Hugging Face.
  11. ^ Hao Miao (11 August 2025). "智谱视觉推理模型 GLM-4.5V 上线并开源，号称"全球 100B 级效果最佳"" [Zhipu's Vision-Language Model GLM-4.5V Launches and Is Open-Sourced, Hailed as the "Best-Performing 100B-Class Model Globally"]. ITHome (in Chinese). Retrieved 11 April 2026.
  12. ^ "README.md · zai-org/GLM-4.5V". 25 October 2025. Retrieved 11 April 2026 – via Hugging Face.
  13. ^ Chow, Vincent (1 October 2025). "China's Z.ai targets US AI leaders with new flagship model as coding wars heat up". South China Morning Post. Retrieved 11 April 2026.
  14. ^ "README.md · zai-org/GLM-4.6". 30 September 2025. Retrieved 11 April 2026 – via Hugging Face.
  15. ^ Franzen, Carl (8 December 2025). "Z.ai debuts open source GLM-4.6V, a native tool-calling vision model for multimodal reasoning". VentureBeat. Retrieved 11 April 2026.
  16. ^ "README.md · zai-org/GLM-4.6V". 9 December 2025. Retrieved 11 April 2026 – via Hugging Face.
  17. ^ "Introducing the Chinese-made AI 'GLM-4.7,' which is strong in coding, and an open model that surpasses Gemini 3.0 Pro in some tests". Gigazine [ja]. 23 December 2025. Retrieved 11 April 2026.
  18. ^ "README.md · zai-org/GLM-4.7". 8 January 2026. Retrieved 11 April 2026 – via Hugging Face.
  19. ^ Chow, Vincent (12 February 2026). "China's Zhipu AI launches new major model GLM-5 in challenge to its rivals". South China Morning Post. Retrieved 17 February 2026.
  20. ^ Mo, Liam; Goh, Brenda; Chen, Laurie (11 February 2026). D'Silva, Anil (ed.). "Chinese AI startup Zhipu releases new flagship model GLM-5". Reuters. Retrieved 17 February 2026.
  21. ^ "README.md · zai-org/GLM-5". 5 April 2026. Retrieved 11 April 2026 – via Hugging Face.
  22. ^ Chang, Minxiao (8 April 2026). "China's Zhipu AI open-sources flagship model, raises prices to narrow gap with US rivals". South China Morning Post. Archived from the original on 9 April 2026. Retrieved 10 April 2026.
  23. ^ Thomas, Prasanth Aby (8 April 2026). "Z.ai unveils GLM-5.1, enabling AI coding agents to run autonomously for hours". Computerworld. Retrieved 11 April 2026.
  24. ^ "README.md · zai-org/GLM-5.1". 8 April 2026. Retrieved 11 April 2026 – via Hugging Face.
  25. ^ Chang, Minxiao (15 June 2026). "Zhipu AI's stock rockets after Chinese firm launches GLM-5.2 model". South China Morning Post. Retrieved 17 June 2026.
  26. ^ "China's Z.ai GLM-5.2 tops OpenAI's GPT 5.5 model on key benchmarks". The Economic Times. 17 June 2026. Retrieved 17 June 2026.
  27. ^ "GLM-5.2: Built for Long-Horizon Tasks". Z.ai. Retrieved 16 June 2026.
  28. ^ "Zhipu AI's stock rockets after Chinese firm launches open-source GLM-5.2 model". scmp.com.
  29. ^ "OpenClaw sparks boom as Chinese firms race into the AI agent era". technode.com.
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