Draft:T1 Energy

T1 Energy Inc.

T1 Energy Inc. is an American manufacturer of solar photovoltaic modules, headquartered in Austin, Texas. The company operates a solar module manufacturing facility in Wilmer, Texas, and is constructing a solar cell fabrication facility in Rockdale, Texas. It is publicly traded on the New York Stock Exchange under the ticker symbol TE.

T1 Energy was formerly known as FREYR Battery, Inc., a company that had pursued battery cell manufacturing in Norway and the United States. Following the acquisition of U.S. assets from Trina Solar in December 2024, the company rebranded under its current name in February 2025. The company has stated a goal of building a vertically integrated domestic solar supply chain, from polysilicon production to completed solar modules.

Operations

Wilmer module manufacturing facility

T1 Energy's module manufacturing facility in Wilmer, Texas began ramping up production in early 2025. The company reported a manufacturing capacity of 2.8 gigawatts of solar modules during 2025, placing it among the largest domestic solar module manufacturers in the United States. At peak output, the Wilmer facility has produced more than 20,000 modules in a single day.

Rockdale cell fabrication

The company is constructing a solar cell fabrication facility in Rockdale, Texas. Once operational, the Rockdale facility is intended to allow T1 Energy to source solar cells domestically, reducing reliance on imported components and strengthening the company's position in the U.S. solar supply chain.

Corporate strategy

T1 Energy has stated a goal of building a vertically integrated domestic solar supply chain, spanning from raw polysilicon production to completed solar farm installations. Chief executive officer and chairman Dan Barcelo has publicly argued that American-manufactured solar products can be cost-competitive on a global basis.

History

T1 Energy was formerly known as FREYR Battery, Inc., a company that had pursued battery cell manufacturing in Norway and the United States using technology licensed from 24M Technologies, Inc. FREYR Battery was incorporated in Luxembourg and listed on the New York Stock Exchange prior to its strategic pivot.

In December 2024, the company acquired the United States assets of Trina Solar, a Chinese solar manufacturer, which included the Wilmer, Texas manufacturing facility. Subsequently, the company rebranded as T1 Energy Inc. in February 2025.^[5]

Technology

T1 Energy manufactures crystalline silicon-based solar modules. Crystalline silicon is the most prevalent material used in photovoltaics, accounting for approximately 96% of global solar module shipments. The remaining share of the market is largely served by cadmium telluride thin-film technology, a niche segment characterized by lower energy conversion efficiency compared to crystalline silicon.