Jump to content

Draft:Energy in Bangladesh

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
  • Comment: Unclear why this needs to be split from the electricity article, as this draft is quite short. Devonian Wombat (talk) 04:08, 16 May 2026 (UTC)
Energy consumption by source, Bangladesh

Energy in Bangladesh describes energy and electricity production, consumption and import in Bangladesh. Bangladesh is an emerging economy with a fast-growing energy consumption. Fossil fuels account for 98.9% of the country's energy consumption.[1][2] Dwindling natural gas production has forced the country to become increasingly reliant on imported energy, exposing it to price fluctuations in the international market. Investment into nuclear energy and renewable energy production is aiming to mitigate this.

The country is an import dependent energy market.

Overview

[edit]

Energy mix of Bangladesh (in TWh):[3]

Year Gas Oil Coal Hydro Solar Wind Nuclear Other renewables (including geothermal and biomass)
1971 3.667125 8.135291 1.0869898 0.48611107 0 0 0 0
1972 3.667125 9.919018 1.0869863 0.48611107 0 0 0 0
1973 5.880875 11.208105 1.41251 0.9194444 0 0 0 0
1974 7.112875 11.659565 1.2555631 0.67499995 0 0 0 0
1975 4.956875 13.631796 1.4531918 1.2111111 0 0 0 0
1976 7.2476254 14.748876 1.4357585 1.3722222 0 0 0 0
1977 8.1235 14.522806 1.4997001 1.2138889 0 0 0 0
1978 8.614375 15.460121 1.4531918 1.4055555 0 0 0 0
1979 9.865625 17.112337 1.081183 1.6305555 0 0 0 0
1980 12.291124 19.291002 1.4443297 1.6194444 0 0 0 0
1981 13.613856 19.89294 1.4847789 1.736111 0 0 0 0
1982 17.674847 19.62132 1.7986726 1.4527777 0 0 0 0
1983 19.667187 17.547495 1.0179855 1.8388888 0 0 0 0
1984 22.700663 17.682053 0.40738726 2.4916666 0 0 0 0
1985 25.780474 19.738766 0.56964904 2.0527778 0 0 0 0
1986 29.07015 21.275486 0.86029434 1.2499999 0 0 0 0
1987 34.155926 20.945486 1.3543715 1.4361111 0 0 0 0
1988 40.201077 20.984262 1.3950651 1.875 0 0 0 0
1989 42.49867 22.941954 1.4531918 2.5555556 0 0 0 0
1990 45.742012 22.227821 3.272589 2.4555554 0 0 0 0
1991 47.107487 20.622862 1.0463046 2.3277776 0 0 0 0
1992 51.370163 23.004263 0.98236287 2.211111 0 0 0 0
1993 57.50253 25.769167 0.36620545 1.6888888 0 0 0 0
1994 60.985718 26.85683 0.34295708 2.3527777 0 0 0 0
1995 67.42334 34.853485 3.7317994 1.0333333 0 0 0 0
1996 72.36467 35.606483 2.0461009 2.0527778 0 0 0 0
1997 71.13274 40.876934 3.7550595 1.9972221 0 0 0 0
1998 76.86446 45.055756 1.0811714 2.4027777 0 0 0 0
1999 83.80357 40.18385 0.53477067 2.3138888 0 0 0 0
2000 90.581894 39.487724 3.8364346 2.0805554 2.77778E-05 0 0 0.13109374
2001 101.43209 47.166737 4.0689416 2.743094 3.8674E-05 0 0 0.10375
2002 106.71138 42.876194 4.249137 2.052055 0.000180822 0 0 0.21687499
2003 114.7843 43.893665 4.0631266 2.0408719 0.002316076 0 0 0.18828125
2004 123.40232 45.732254 4.0689416 2.0298104 0.005186992 0 0 0.1265
2005 132.63358 46.99634 8.347995 2.0134408 0.009145161 0 0 0.11234375
2006 143.63368 47.271736 12.68387 2.0026739 0.014526738 0.004278075 0 0.140625
2007 153.36371 45.713196 10.351397 1.9920213 0.02406117 0.004255319 0 0.17384374
2008 163.7642 45.39375 10.896066 2.5065963 0.04014248 0.007651715 0 0.17290625
2009 187.46739 42.925915 13.61483 1.0944881 0.06588976 0.013385827 0 0.084875
2010 192.53728 47.633118 8.675767 1.8984374 0.115375 0.01328125 0 0.0663125
2011 195.82149 60.019775 12.915543 2.2590673 0.3203083 0.013212436 0 0.10925001
2012 213.3628 68.356895 10.657114 2.0025773 0.40200254 0.01314433 0 0.076937504
2013 219.52786 69.63952 14.760409 1.8628612 0.4969207 0.012994885 0 0.11781251
2014 230.2227 76.66483 9.351047 1.4413574 0.58906615 0.012928752 0 0.14125
2015 258.54062 92.68446 30.633013 2.2737885 0.6732152 0.012863291 0 0.09315625
2016 264.50946 96.11049 23.035818 2.2226949 0.552598 0.012766331 0 0.07321875
2017 265.92673 108.25354 25.117134 2.5738204 0.72881997 0.0127025 0 0.13571875
2018 274.29 124.19397 28.568832 2.1527638 0.78353983 0.012639303 0 0.09665625
2019 309.3438 121.87268 48.06491 2.0373545 0.9258168 0.012576732 0 0.1093125
2020 299.15314 102.776375 52.346832 1.7300512 1.1331061 0.012580051 0 0.109718755
2021 306.08908 140.56749 42.310978 1.6794761 1.5090765 0.012514778 0 0.09996875
2022 286.87222 166.14375 55.396626 1.9042422 1.5928854 0.012484029 0 0.03653125
2023 281.25888 139.36922 81.77186 1.6672456 2.2563024 0.04044522 0 0.03653125
2024 273.2437 160.46597 89.218735 2.4239051 3.0936098 0.23703243 0 0.036631335

History

[edit]

Following independence in 1971, the country's energy was primarily derived from oil, gas, coal and hydropower in decreasing order of importance.[3] People in rural areas were mostly dependent on dry leaves and woods for cooking and using kerosene lamp or flashlight at night.[4] The country was energy poor with lack of energy affecting every part of the economy.[5]

As the country suffered through mismanagement, corruption, and lack of a coherent energy policy, the country continued to be dependent upon expensive imported oil.[6][7] This was somewhat alleviated as the countries abundant gas fields were surveyed, explored and drilled, which presented its own challenges.[8][9]

CO2 emissions Bangladesh

The energy demand in Bangladesh is increasing rapidly with increase in GDP.[10] However, initiatives taken to quickly raise capacity without public procurement process has led to rapid increase in both electricity cost and subsidies.[11][12][13]

Dwindling gas reserves, slow uptake in adopting solar and wind energy, volatility of price of fossil fuel in global markets present contemporary challenge for the energy sector of the country.[14][8][15] Slow construction, opaque contracts and expensive initial investment is hampering new power generation projects such as Rooppur Nuclear Power Plant.[16][17]

2020s

[edit]

In 2022, following Russian invasion of Ukraine, Bangladedh entered a prolonged recession due to rising fuel import cost. This rapidly inflated cost of a dollar from 85 BDT in the exchange market to 120 BDT in 2025 in several bursts. Hurting, Bangladesh's GDP growth after years of progress. Electricity production fell for the first time and the foreign reserve dwindled dramatically.

In 2026, US-israel invasion of Iran, trigered another energy crisis. This time fuel was rationed and long lines formed outside of petrop pump. Rolling blackout became common outside of the capital. Gas prices for household was raised sharply. Refineries in Chattogram shut down due to lack of crude import.

Electricity

[edit]
See also: Electricity sector in Bangladesh

The electricity sector in Bangladesh operates using a single national grid, managed by the state-owned Power Grid Company of Bangladesh (PGCB), with an installed capacity of 25,700 MW as of June 2022. Bangladesh's energy sector is not up to the mark. However, per capita energy consumption in Bangladesh is considered higher than the production. Electricity was introduced to the country on 7 December 1901.

Electricity is the major source of power for most of the country's economic activities. Bangladesh's total installed electricity generation capacity (including captive power) is 27,840 MW, while the maximum production ever attained was 16,477 MW. It was 15,351 megawatts (MW) as of January 2017 and 20,000 megawatts in 2018.

The largest energy consumers in Bangladesh are industries and the residential sector, followed by the commercial and agricultural sectors.

Bangladesh will need an estimated 34,000 MW of power by 2030 to sustain its economic growth of over 7 percent.

Problems in Bangladesh's electric power sector include high system losses, delays in completion of new plants, low plant efficiency, erratic power supply, electricity theft, blackouts, and shortages of funds for power plant maintenance. Overall, the country's generation plants have been unable to meet system demand over the past decade.

On the 2nd of November, 2014, electricity was restored after a day-long nationwide blackout. A transmission line from India had failed, which "led to a cascade of failures throughout the national power grid," and criticism of "old grid infrastructure and poor management." However, in a recent root-cause analysis report the investigating team has clarified that the fault was actually due to internal lack of coordination and poor health of transmission and distribution infrastructure that caused the blackout.

On 4 October 2022, 70–80% of the country's 168 million residence were hit with blackouts and only 45% of residences were restored with power by nightfall. There was a shortage of natural gas because of the 2021–present global energy crisis where 77 natural gas power plants had insufficient fuel to meet demand. The electricity sector in Bangladesh is heavily reliant on natural gas. The government stopped buying spot price liquefied natural gas in June 2022; they were importing 30% of their LNG on the spot market this year down from 40% last year. They are still importing LNG on futures exchange markets. (Full article...)

Renewable energy

[edit]
Main article: Renewable energy in Bangladesh

According to the Bangladesh's Power Sector Master Plan 2016 (PSMP–2016), the country has the potential to generate a combined 3.6 GW of electricity from renewable energy sources.[18] Another research has estimated that the potential from wind power alone stands at 20 GW.[18]

The government of Bangladesh has approved the construction by private developers of 19 on-grid solar parks, with would have cumulative generation capacity of 1070 MW.[19] A solar power plant having a power generation capacity of 28 MW has recently started its operation in Teknaf of Cox's Bazar. Accounting this, the power generation capacity from renewable energy sources exceeds five percent of the country's total demand. Technical Solartech Energy Ltd (TSEL) has installed this power plant in Teknaf utilizing a total of 116 acres of land. Currently, the power plant is feeding 20MW to the national grid.[20]

Bangladesh has planned to produce 10% of total power generation by 2020 from renewable energy sources like wind, waste, and solar energy. The country plans to increase its renewable energy share to 17% by 2041 under its Intended Nationally Determined Contribution (INDC) commitment to reduce greenhouse gas emissions by 5% until 2030.[21]

The country's prospect of geothermal energy extraction has also been discussed by researchers.[22] Studies carried out by geologists suggested geothermal resources in northwest and southeast region.[23][24]


See Also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Share of primary energy consumption from fossil fuels - Measured as a percentage of primary energy, using the substitution method. (Till 2024) - Our World in Data
  2. ^ "Bangladesh - Countries & Regions". IEA. Archived from the original on 2025-08-12. Retrieved 2025-08-31.
  3. ^ a b Energy Institute - Statistical Review of World Energy (2025) – with major processing by Our World in Data. "Other renewables (including geothermal and biomass)" [dataset]. Energy Institute, "Statistical Review of World Energy" [original data]. Source
  4. ^ "Fading traditions, rising innovations: The story of Bangladesh's rural kitchens". The Daily Star. 2024-04-08. Retrieved 2025-09-19.
  5. ^ Islam, Md. Shafiqul; Al-Amin, Abul Quasem; Sarkar, Md. Sujahangir Kabir (2021-08-01). "Energy crisis in Bangladesh: Challenges, progress, and prospects for alternative energy resources". Utilities Policy. 71: 101221. doi:10.1016/j.jup.2021.101221. ISSN 0957-1787.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: article number as page number (link)
  6. ^ "New energy policy, same challenges: Why Bangladesh needs an inclusive approach". ieefa.org. Retrieved 2026-02-19.
  7. ^ Energy Sector in Bangladesh: An agenda for reforms - GSI Report March 2014 by BIDS (Bangladesh Institute of Development Studies) IISD
  8. ^ a b Mohazzem Hossain, Shah; Biswas, Sagor; Raihan Uddin, Md (January 2024). "Sustainable energy transition in Bangladesh: Challenges and pathways for the future". Engineering Reports. 6 (1). doi:10.1002/eng2.12752. ISSN 2577-8196.
  9. ^ "Hydrocarbon Exploration - Banglapedia". en.banglapedia.org. Archived from the original on 2022-11-24. Retrieved 2026-02-19.
  10. ^ Dey, Sima Rani; Tareque, Mohammed (2020-02-11). "Electricity consumption and GDP nexus in Bangladesh: a time series investigation". Journal of Asian Business and Economic Studies. 27 (1): 35–48. doi:10.1108/JABES-04-2019-0029. ISSN 2515-964X.
  11. ^ Islam, Saiful; Khan, Md. Ziaur Rahman (2017-03-01). "A Review of Energy Sector of Bangladesh". Energy Procedia. 1st International Conference on Energy and Power, ICEP2016, 14-16 December 2016, RMIT University, Melbourne, Australia. 110: 611–618. Bibcode:2017EnPro.110..611I. doi:10.1016/j.egypro.2017.03.193. ISSN 1876-6102. Archived from the original on 2024-04-16. Retrieved 2025-09-03.
  12. ^ "Quick rental power plant: Extend or Escape? – Policy Insights". Retrieved 2026-02-19.
  13. ^ Khan, Mushtaq; Watkins, Mitchell; Zahan, Iffat (2022-09-01). "De-risking private power in Bangladesh: How financing design can stop collusive contracting". Energy Policy. 168: 113146. doi:10.1016/j.enpol.2022.113146. ISSN 0301-4215.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: article number as page number (link)
  14. ^ Mohazzem Hossain, Shah; Biswas, Sagor; Raihan Uddin, Md (2024). "Sustainable energy transition in Bangladesh: Challenges and pathways for the future". Engineering Reports. 6 (1) e12752. doi:10.1002/eng2.12752. ISSN 2577-8196.
  15. ^ sarwar (2023-03-13). "How global energy market volatility impacted inflation in Bangladesh". CPD Power and Energy Study. Retrieved 2026-02-19.
  16. ^ "Nuclear Power in Bangladesh - World Nuclear Association". world-nuclear.org. Retrieved 2026-02-19.
  17. ^ "High construction cost to double power generation cost". New Age | The Most Popular Outspoken English Daily in Bangladesh. Archived from the original on 2023-07-08. Retrieved 2026-02-19.
  18. ^ a b Rahman and Sarker (2018-02-02). "Nuclear power: Surviving on secrecy and misinformation". The Daily Star. Retrieved 2019-01-04.
  19. ^ Imam, Badrul (2018-04-11). "Why is solar power development so slow in Bangladesh?". The Daily Star. Retrieved 2019-01-04.
  20. ^ "Largest Solar Power Plant starts operation in Teknaf". Energy Bangla. 30 October 2018.
  21. ^ Rashid and Sajjad (2018-08-20). "Powering the nation". Dhaka Tribune. Retrieved 2019-01-04.
  22. ^ Md. A. Akbar, "An assessment of the geothermal potential of Bangladesh", United Nations University, Geothermal Training Programme, Orkustofnun, Grensasvegur 9, IS-108 Reykjavik, Iceland, Reports 2011, Number 5.
  23. ^ Guha, D. K.; Henkel, H.; Imam, B. (April 2010). "Geothermal potential in Bangladesh - results from investigations of abandoned deep wells" (PDF). Proceedings of the World Geothermal Congress 2010. Bali, Indonesia. Archived from the original (PDF) on 31 December 2021. Retrieved 11 August 2023.
  24. ^ Rahman, M. (2006). "Geothermal potential resources in Thakurgaon district, northern Bangladesh". Bangladesh Journal of Geology. 25: 13–30.
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Draft:Energy_in_Bangladesh&oldid=1357683746"