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| Brick Schema | |
|---|---|
| Brick | |
| Abbreviation | Brick |
| Status | Active |
| Year started | 2016 |
| Organization | The Brick Consortium, Inc. |
| Base standards | RDF, OWL |
| Domain | Building metadata, building automation |
| License | BSD |
| Website | brickschema |
Brick (also called the Brick Schema or Brick ontology) is an open-source ontology and metadata schema for describing the physical, logical and virtual assets in buildings—such as sensors, equipment, subsystems and spaces—and the relationships between them.[1] Its stated goal is to enable portable software applications, such as energy analytics and fault detection and diagnostics, that can run across different buildings without per-building reconfiguration.[1][2]
Brick represents a building as a directed graph using the Resource Description Framework (RDF) data model, with a class hierarchy expressed in the Web Ontology Language (OWL) and queried using SPARQL.[1] It is maintained by The Brick Consortium, Inc., a non-profit membership organisation.[3]
History
[edit]Brick originated as an academic collaboration and was first presented in the paper Brick: Towards a Unified Metadata Schema For Buildings at the ACM BuildSys conference in 2016.[1] The authors came from the University of California, Berkeley, the University of California, San Diego, Carnegie Mellon University, the University of California, Los Angeles, the University of Virginia, the University of Southern Denmark and IBM Research.[1] An extended version was published in the journal Applied Energy in 2018.[4]
The Brick Consortium was subsequently formed to maintain and govern the schema, and announced its inaugural commercial members—including Carrier, Johnson Controls, Schneider Electric, Clockworks Analytics and Mapped—in January 2022.[5][3]
Design
[edit]Brick has three main components: an extensible RDF class hierarchy that defines the types of entities found in a building; a small set of relationships that connect those entities into a directed labelled graph; and a data model that supports integration with existing building data sources.[1] Because each entity's type is stated explicitly as an OWL class, Brick models carry formal semantics that support automated reasoning, in contrast to schemes that rely only on informal tags.[2]
Relationship to other standards
[edit]Brick is one of several semantic data models developed for the building domain, alongside Project Haystack, RealEstateCore and Google's Digital Buildings ontology.[6] A 2021 review by researchers at United States national laboratories examined Brick and RealEstateCore in depth as representative building ontologies,[2] and a 2023 study in Energy and Buildings systematically compared Brick with RealEstateCore, Project Haystack and Google Digital Buildings, finding that Brick and RealEstateCore offered comparatively high completeness and expressiveness for building concepts.[6]
In August 2022 the Brick Consortium and the RealEstateCore consortium announced a harmonisation of their ontologies, dividing responsibilities so that Brick covers equipment and sensors while RealEstateCore covers spatial, facility and usage modelling, with the two intended to be used together.[7] Concepts from Brick and Project Haystack have also been incorporated into the emerging ASHRAE Standard 223P semantic data model.[8]
See also
[edit]- Building automation
- Semantic interoperability
- RealEstateCore
- Project Haystack
References
[edit]- ^ a b c d e f Balaji, Bharathan; Bhattacharya, Arka; Fierro, Gabriel; et al. (2016). Brick: Towards a Unified Metadata Schema For Buildings. Proceedings of the 3rd ACM International Conference on Systems for Energy-Efficient Built Environments (BuildSys '16). doi:10.1145/2993422.2993577.
- ^ a b c Pritoni, Marco; Paine, Drew; Fierro, Gabriel; et al. (2021). "Metadata Schemas and Ontologies for Building Energy Applications: A Critical Review and Use Case Analysis". Energies. 14 (7): 2024. doi:10.3390/en14072024.
- ^ a b "The Brick Consortium". brickschema.org.
- ^ Balaji, Bharathan; et al. (2018). "Brick: Metadata schema for portable smart building applications". Applied Energy. 226: 1273–1292. doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2018.02.091.
- ^ "Brick Consortium Announces Inaugural Commercial Members". ACHR News.
- ^ a b Qiang, Zhiyu; et al. (2023). "A systematic comparison and evaluation of building ontologies for deploying data-driven analytics in smart buildings". Energy and Buildings. 292: 113054. doi:10.1016/j.enbuild.2023.113054.
{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: article number as page number (link) - ^ "Will a Unified Smart Building Metadata Standard Become Reality?". Memoori. 7 September 2022.
- ^ "ASHRAE Standard 223P: Building Interoperability With Bricks & Haystacks". Memoori.
Category:Ontology (information science) Category:Building automation Category:Knowledge representation Category:Open-source ontologies