Clausilia dubia
| Clausilia dubia | |
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Scientific classification 
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| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Mollusca |
| Class: | Gastropoda |
| Order: | Stylommatophora |
| Family: | Clausiliidae |
| Subfamily: | Clausiliinae |
| Genus: | Clausilia |
| Species: | C. dubia
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| Binomial name | |
| Clausilia dubia Draparnaud, 1805
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| Synonyms | |
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Clausilia dubia is a species of small, very elongate, left-handed air-breathing land snail, a sinistral terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusk in the family Clausiliidae, the door snails, all of which have a clausilium.[2]
Subspecies
[edit]- Clausilia dubia alpicola Clessin, 1878
- Clausilia dubia bucculenta Klemm, 1960
- Clausilia dubia carpathica Brancsik, 1888
- Clausilia dubia dubia Draparnaud, 1805
- Clausilia dubia dydima F. J. Schmidt, 1847
- Clausilia dubia floningiana Westerlund, 1890
- Clausilia dubia geretica Bourguignat, 1877
- Clausilia dubia gracilior Clessin, 1887
- Clausilia dubia gratiosa Sajó, 1968
- Clausilia dubia grimmeri L. Pfeiffer, 1848
- Clausilia dubia huettneri Klemm, 1960
- Clausilia dubia ingenua Hudec & Brabenec, 1963
- Clausilia dubia kaeufeli Klemm, 1960
- Clausilia dubia otvinensis H. von Gallenstein, 1895
- Clausilia dubia runensis Tschapeck, 1883
- Clausilia dubia schlechtii A. Schmidt, 1856
- Clausilia dubia speciosa A. Schmidt, 1856
- Clausilia dubia suttoni Westerlund, 1881
- Clausilia dubia tettelbachiana Rossmässler, 1838
- Clausilia dubia vindobonensis A. Schmidt, 1856
Distribution
[edit]The species is widespread in Europe, living in countries and islands including (among others):[1]
- Austria
- Czech Republic
- Great Britain, the north of England
- Slovakia
- Ukraine[3]
In Finland, as of 2019, the species is only known to live in two locations: the Ylistönmäki hill in Jyväskylä and the Kettuvuori hill in Heinola. Formerly, they had also been found on the Riihivuori hill in Muurame, but disappeared after a skiing center was built there. The species may have spread to Finland during a warm, rainy period in the 18th century.[4]
Description
[edit]All the species of snails in the family of door snails are left-handed, which is an uncommon feature in gastropods in general. These snails have shells which are extremely high-spired, with numerous whorls.
Clausilia dubia is a relatively large species for this family, reaching 16 mm in height.
The weight of the adult live snail is about 123 mg.[5]
References
[edit]
- ^ a b Seddon, M.B. (2017). "Clausilia dubia". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2017 e.T171379A85578820. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2017-3.RLTS.T171379A85578820.en. Retrieved 20 November 2021.
- ^ MolluscaBase eds. (2020). MolluscaBase. Clausilia dubia Draparnaud, 1805. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at: http://marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=1050049 on 2020-08-17
- ^ Balashov I. & Gural-Sverlova N. 2012. An annotated checklist of the terrestrial molluscs of Ukraine. Journal of Conchology. 41 (1): 91-109.
- ^ Heikkilä, Eija (24 May 2019). "Surkeasti liikkuva kotiloharvinaisuus elää Suomessa vain kahdessa paikassa – varmuutta niiden alkuperästä ei ole kenelläkään". Yle Uutiset (in Finnish). Retrieved 9 May 2026.
- ^ Boch, Steffen; Prati, Daniel; Werth, Silke; Rüetschi, Jörg; Fischer, Markus & Evans, Darren Mark (2011). "Lichen endozoochory by snails". PLOS ONE. 6 (4) e18770. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0018770. PMC 3076439. PMID 21533256.
- Bank, R. A.; Neubert, E. (2017). Checklist of the land and freshwater Gastropoda of Europe. Last update: July 16, 2017
- Sysoev, A. V. & Schileyko, A. A. (2009). Land snails and slugs of Russia and adjacent countries. Sofia/Moskva (Pensoft). 312 pp., 142 plates
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