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Erythrinidae

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This article is about the family of freshwater fish. For saltwater wolffish, see Anarhichadidae.

Erythrinidae
Temporal range: Middle Miocene to present Possible Early Paleocene record
Hoplias malabaricus
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Actinopterygii
Order: Characiformes
Suborder: Characoidei
Family: Erythrinidae
Valenciennes, 1847.[1]
Genera

The Erythrinidae are a family of fishes found in rivers and other freshwater habitats from Costa Rica south as far as Argentina. They are common and are caught with hooks by fishermen, partially because of their voracious behaviour. They are sometimes called trahiras (also spelled trairas) or tarariras.

The Erythrinidae include cylindrical fish with blunt heads, and prey on other fish. They can reach lengths up to 90 cm (35 in). Some species can breathe air, enabling them to survive in low oxygen conditions;[2] in Hoplerythrinus unitaeniatus this ability is well studied.[3][4] Some may even be able to move over land between ponds.[citation needed]

The earliest definitive remains of the family are of Hoplias from the Middle Miocene of Colombia.[5] Potential fossil remains are known from the Early Paleocene-aged Tenejapa-Lacandón Formation of Mexico.[6] The three genera in this family appear to have diverged from one another over the Paleogene. However, most species within the family are relatively young, their evolution influenced by major tectonic changes in South America over the Neogene.[5]

Genera

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The 16 species are contained in extant (living) genera,[7] plus another extinct species in a separate genus:[8]

References

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  1. ^ Richard van der Laan; William N. Eschmeyer & Ronald Fricke (2014). "Family-group names of recent fishes". Zootaxa. 3882 (2): 1–230. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.3882.1.1. PMID 25543675.
  2. ^ Wietzman, S.H.; Vari, R.P. (1998). Paxton, J.R.; Eschmeyer, W.N. (eds.). Encyclopedia of Fishes. San Diego: Academic Press. p. 102. ISBN 0-12-547665-5.
  3. ^ "Hypercarbic cardiorespiratory reflexes in the facultative air-breathing fish jeju (Hoplerythrinus unitaeniatus): the role of branchial CO2 chemoreceptors". Experimental Biology. 213 (16): 2797–2807. 15 August 2010. doi:10.1242/jeb.040733.
  4. ^ "Comparative study of gill dimensions of three erythrinid species in relation to their respiratory function". Canadian Journal of Zoology. 72 (1). January 1994. doi:10.1139/z94-020.
  5. ^ a b Conde-Saldaña, Cristhian C.; Melo, Bruno F.; Roxo, Fábio F.; Tagliacollo, Victor A.; Oliveira, Claudio; Albert, James S. (2025). "Landscape Evolution Drives Continental Diversification in Neotropical Freshwater Fishes of the Family Erythrinidae (Teleostei, Characiformes)". Journal of Biogeography. 52 (6) e15129. doi:10.1111/jbi.15129. hdl:11449/306824. ISSN 1365-2699.
  6. ^ Jesús Alvarado-Ortega; Martha Cuevas-García; María del Pilar Melgarejo-Damián; Kleyton Magno Cantalice; Abril Alaniz-Galvan; Gisel Solano-Templos; Bruno Andrés Than-Marchese (2015-07-26). "Paleocene fishes from Palenque, Chiapas, southeastern Mexico". Palaeontologia Electronica 18.2.39A. doi:10.26879/536. Retrieved 2025-05-17.
  7. ^ Fricke, Ron; Eschmeyer, William N. & van der Laan, Richard (eds.). "Genera in the family Erythrinidae". Catalog of Fishes. California Academy of Sciences. Retrieved 17 May 2025.
  8. ^ Blanco, Daniel Rodrigues; Lui, Roberto Laridondo; Bertollo, Luiz Antonio Carlos; Margarido, Vladimir Pavan; Moreira Filho, Orlando (2010). "Karyotypic diversity between allopatric populations of the group Hoplias malabaricus (Characiformes: Erythrinidae): evolutionary and biogeographic considerations". Neotropical Ichthyology. 8 (2): 361–368. doi:10.1590/S1679-62252010000200015.
  9. ^ Blanco, D.R.; Lui, R.L.; Vicari, M.R.; Bertollo, L.A.C.; Moreira-Filho, O. (2011). "Comparative Cytogenetics of Giant Trahiras Hoplias aimara and H. intermedius (Characiformes, Erythrinidae): Chromosomal Characteristics of Minor and Major Ribosomal DNA and Cross-Species Repetitive Centromeric Sequences Mapping Differ among Morphologically Identical Karyotypes". Cytogenetic and Genome Research. 132 (1–2): 71–78. doi:10.1159/000320923. PMID 20924165. S2CID 207643872.


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