Spumaretrovirinae
| Spumaretrovirinae | |
|---|---|
| |
| An Equispumavirus virion | |
Virus classification 
| |
| (unranked): | Virus |
| Realm: | Riboviria |
| Kingdom: | Pararnavirae |
| Phylum: | Artverviricota |
| Class: | Revtraviricetes |
| Order: | Ortervirales |
| Family: | Retroviridae |
| Subfamily: | Spumaretrovirinae |
| Genera[1] | |
Spumaretrovirinae, commonly called spumaviruses (spuma, Latin for "foam") or foamyviruses, is a subfamily of the Retroviridae family.[2] Spumaviruses are exogenous viruses that have specific morphology with prominent surface spikes. The virions contain significant amounts of double-stranded full-length DNA, and assembly is rather unusual in these viruses. Spumaviruses are unlike most enveloped viruses in that the envelope membrane is acquired by budding through the endoplasmic reticulum instead of the cytoplasmic membrane. Some spumaviruses, including the equine foamy virus (EFV), bud from the cytoplasmic membrane.
While spumaviruses will form characteristic large vacuoles in their host cells while in vitro, there is no disease association in vivo.[3]
Endogenous foamy viruses are members of the subfamily who were endogenized into the genomes of their hosts, which includes animals in which no extant spumaviruses are known today.[4]
Some of the genera contain only one described member. Examples of foamy viruses include:
See also
[edit]- Orthoretrovirinae - The only other retrovirus subfamily
References
[edit]- ^ "Virus Taxonomy: 2018b Release". International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV). March 2019. Retrieved 16 March 2019.
- ^ ICTV: Master Species List 2018a v1 MSL including all taxa updates since the 2017 release. Fall 2018 (MSL #33)
- ^ Acheson, NH (2007). Fundamentals of Molecular Virology (1st ed.). Wiley. ISBN 978-0-471-35151-1.
- ^ "Spumaretrovirinae". International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses. Retrieved 17 May 2026.
Further reading
[edit]- Santillana-Hayat M, Valla J, Canivet M, Peries J, Molina JM (1996). "Inhibition of the in vitro infectivity and cytopathic effect of human foamy virus by dideoxynucleosides". AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses. 12 (15): 1485–90. doi:10.1089/aid.1996.12.1485. PMID 8893056.
External links
[edit]- Coffin, J. M.; Hughes, S. H.; Varmus, H. E. (1997). "Summary and Perspectives". In Coffin, J.M.; Hughes, S.H.; Varmus, H.E. (eds.). Retroviruses. Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press. ISBN 978-0-87969-571-2. PMID 21433340. NBK19385.
- Spumavirus at the U.S. National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH)
- Viralzone: "Spumavirus"
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