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{{short description|Ayurvedic medicine degree}}
{{short description|Ayurvedic medicine degree}}
'''Bachelor of Ayurvedic Medicine and Surgery''' ('''B.A.M.S.''') is a professional degree in medicine focused on [[Ayurveda]] offered in India,<ref name = "hindawi \">{{cite journal|last1=Patwardhan|first1=Kishor|last2=Gehlot|first2=Sangeeta|last3=Singh|first3=Girish|last4=Rathore|first4=H. C. S.|title=The Ayurveda Education in India: How Well Are the Graduates Exposed to Basic Clinical Skills?|journal=Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine|date=2011|volume=2011|pages=197391|doi=10.1093/ecam/nep113|pmid=19687194|pmc=3095267|issn=1741-427X}}</ref> [[Nepal Ayurvedic Medical Council|Nepal]],<ref>{{cite web|title=Ayurveda Campus Institute of Medicine|url=http://www.iom.edu.np/?page_id=170|website=www.iom.edu.np|accessdate=12 January 2018}}</ref> Bangladesh <ref>{{cite news|title=Alternative Medical Care : WHO extends support for modernization|url=http://www.dghs.gov.bd/licts_file/images/Health_Bulletin/HB2012_CH/HB2012_CH20_Alternative-Medical-care.pdf|accessdate=12 January 2018}}</ref> and other South Asian countries.
'''Bachelor of Ayurvedic Medicine and Surgery''' ('''B.A.M.S.''') is a professional degree in medicine focused on [[Ayurveda]] offered in India,<ref name = "hindawi \">{{cite journal|last1=Patwardhan|first1=Kishor|last2=Gehlot|first2=Sangeeta|last3=Singh|first3=Girish|last4=Rathore|first4=H. C. S.|title=The Ayurveda Education in India: How Well Are the Graduates Exposed to Basic Clinical Skills?|journal=Evidence-Based Complementary and Ancient Medicine|date=2011|volume=2011|pages=197391|doi=10.1093/ecam/nep113|pmid=19687194|pmc=3095267|issn=1741-427X}}</ref> [[Nepal Ayurvedic Medical Council|Nepal]],<ref>{{cite web|title=Ayurveda Campus Institute of Medicine|url=http://www.iom.edu.np/?page_id=170|website=www.iom.edu.np|accessdate=12 January 2018}}</ref> Bangladesh <ref>{{cite news|title=Alternative Medical Care : WHO extends support for modernization|url=http://www.dghs.gov.bd/licts_file/images/Health_Bulletin/HB2012_CH/HB2012_CH20_Alternative-Medical-care.pdf|accessdate=12 January 2018}}</ref> and other South Asian countries.


It is awarded after the study of five and a half years duration, including 1-year internship. A BAMS graduate is allowed to provide medical treatment in some states of India and Sri Lanka after registering oneself at the government-approved licensing body.<ref>{{cite web|title=Ayurvedic Medical Council - Sri Lanka|url=http://www.ayurvedicmedicoun.gov.lk/web/index.php?lang=en|website=www.ayurvedicmedicoun.gov.lk|accessdate=12 January 2018|language=en-gb}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Central Council of Indian Medicine:: Ministry of Ayush, Govt. of India|url=https://www.ccimindia.org/ayurveda.php|website=www.ccimindia.org}}</ref> Avurveda is considered to be [[pseudoscience]] by a writer of non-peer reviewed and non-scientific book <ref name=Quack-2011>{{cite book |last= Quack |first= Johannes |year= 2011 |title= Disenchanting India: Organized Rationalism and Criticism of Religion in India |publisher= [[Oxford University Press]] |isbn= 9780199812608 |pages= [https://books.google.com/books?id=TNbxUwhS5RUC&pg=PA213 213], [https://books.google.com/books?id=TNbxUwhS5RUC&pg=PA3 3]}}</ref>, however, there is emerging scientific investigations about certain practises <ref name="Journal of Ayurveda and Integrative Medicine"> {{cite web|url=https://www.journals.elsevier.com/journal-of-ayurveda-and-integrative-medicine/ |title=Journal of Ayurveda and Integrative Medicine}} </ref>. Ayurveda is not only about medicine but about improving health with lifestyle and diet taking into account [[yoga]] and [[meditation]]. The [[Indian Medical Association]] (IMA) characterises modern medicine practice by Ayurvedic practitioners who do not have MBBS as [[quackery]] <ref name="IMA">{{cite web|url=http://www.ima-india.org/ima/left-side-bar.php?pid=291|work=Indian Medical Association|title=IMA Anti Quackery Wing}}</ref> . This does not mean that Ayurveda as a whole is discouraged from practice which is administered by [[Ministry of AYUSH]] in India and a type of complementary or [[alternative medicine]].<ref name="Smith+Wujastyk">{{cite book|title=Modern and Global Ayurveda: Pluralism and Paradigms|last1=Smith|first1=Frederick M.|last2=Wujastyk|first2=Dagmar|publisher=[[SUNY Press]]|year=2008|isbn=9780791478165|editor-last1=Smith|editor-first1=Frederick M.|location=New York, NY|pages=1–28|chapter=Introduction|oclc=244771011|ref=harv|editor-last2=Wujastyk|editor-first2=Dagmar}}</ref><ref name="nccam1">{{cite journal|date=Fall 2005 – Winter 2006|title=A Closer Look at Ayurvedic Medicine|url=http://nccam.nih.gov/news/newsletter/2006_winter/ayurveda.htm|journal=Focus on Complementary and Alternative Medicine|location=Bethesda, Maryland|publisher=[[National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health]] (NCCIH). [[US National Institutes of Health]] (NIH)|volume=12|issue=4|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20061209114559/http://nccam.nih.gov/news/newsletter/2006_winter/ayurveda.htm|archivedate=2006-12-09}}</ref>. Ayurveda has been recognised as an area of research and study in leading academic universities in India such as [[Banaras Hindu University]] with Faculty of Ayurveda <ref name="Faculty of Ayurveda">{{cite web|url=https://www.bhu.ac.in/ims/ayurveda/}} </ref>. [[Elsevier]] publication called Journal of Ayurveda and Integrative Medicine <ref name="Journal of Ayurveda and Integrative Medicine"> {{cite web|url=https://www.journals.elsevier.com/journal-of-ayurveda-and-integrative-medicine/ |title=Journal of Ayurveda and Integrative Medicine}} </ref> promoting scientific study of Ayurveda medicine and practises. Ayurvedic remedies have shown to have positive impact in helping fever recovery during [[COVID-19]] <ref name="Ayurvedic treatment of COVID-19/SARS-CoV-2: A case report"> {{cite web|url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0975947620300425 |title=Ayurvedic treatment of COVID-19/SARS-CoV-2: A case report}} </ref>.
It is awarded after the study of five and a half years duration, including 1-year internship. A BAMS graduate is allowed to provide medical treatment in some states of India and Sri Lanka after registering oneself at the government-approved licensing body.<ref>{{cite web|title=Ayurvedic Medical Council - Sri Lanka|url=http://www.ayurvedicmedicoun.gov.lk/web/index.php?lang=en|website=www.ayurvedicmedicoun.gov.lk|accessdate=12 January 2018|language=en-gb}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Central Council of Indian Medicine:: Ministry of Ayush, Govt. of India|url=https://www.ccimindia.org/ayurveda.php|website=www.ccimindia.org}}</ref>

Ayurveda is a type of complementary or [[alternative medicine]],<ref name="Smith+Wujastyk">{{cite book|title=Modern and Global Ayurveda: Pluralism and Paradigms|last1=Smith|first1=Frederick M.|last2=Wujastyk|first2=Dagmar|publisher=[[SUNY Press]]|year=2008|isbn=9780791478165|editor-last1=Smith|editor-first1=Frederick M.|location=New York, NY|pages=1–28|chapter=Introduction|oclc=244771011|ref=harv|editor-last2=Wujastyk|editor-first2=Dagmar}}</ref><ref name="nccam1">{{cite journal|date=Fall 2005 – Winter 2006|title=A Closer Look at Ayurvedic Medicine|url=http://nccam.nih.gov/news/newsletter/2006_winter/ayurveda.htm|journal=Focus on Complementary and Alternative Medicine|location=Bethesda, Maryland|publisher=[[National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health]] (NCCIH). [[US National Institutes of Health]] (NIH)|volume=12|issue=4|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20061209114559/http://nccam.nih.gov/news/newsletter/2006_winter/ayurveda.htm|archivedate=2006-12-09}}</ref> and the study of Ayurveda is [[pseudoscience|pseudoscientific]] while the practice can be classified as [[protoscience]] or unscientific.<ref name="psych2013">{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LiJKseis6OYC&pg=PA20|title=Chapter 1: Psychomythology|vauthors=Semple D, Smyth R|work=Oxford Handbook of Psychiatry|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=2013|isbn=978-0-19-969388-7|edition=3rd|page=20}}</ref>


==India==
==India==
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The curriculum includes studying and teaching of along with corresponding Ayurvedic subjects such as ''Rachana Sharira'', ''Kriya Sharira'', ''Dravyuaguna'', ''Svasthavritta'' and Yoga, ''Roga Nidana'' and ''Vikriti Vijnana'', ''Kaya Chikitsa'', ''Kaumara Bhritya'', ''Prasuti Tantra'', ''Shalya Tantra'', ''Shalakya Tantra'' etc. along with human [[anatomy]], [[physiology]], [[pathology]] & diagnostic procedures, principles of medicine, [[pharmacology]], [[toxicology]], [[forensic medicine]], [[Otolaryngology|E.N.T]], gynecology & obstetrics, ophthalmology and principles of surgery from modern medicine.<ref>{{cite web|title=Central Council of Indian Medicine:: Ministry of Ayush, Govt. of India|url=https://www.ccimindia.org/ayurveda-syllabus.php|website=www.ccimindia.org|accessdate=12 January 2018}}</ref> The syllabus also includes ancient and medieval classics, sometimes in [[Sanskrit]] language.<ref name="london \">{{cite journal|last1=Warrier|first1=Maya|title=Seekership, Spirituality and Self-Discovery: Ayurveda Trainees in Britain|journal=Asian Medicine|date=2008|volume=4|issue=2|pages=423–451|doi=10.1163/157342009X12526658783691|pmid=20617123|pmc=2898496|issn=1573-420X}}</ref>
The curriculum includes studying and teaching of along with corresponding Ayurvedic subjects such as ''Rachana Sharira'', ''Kriya Sharira'', ''Dravyuaguna'', ''Svasthavritta'' and Yoga, ''Roga Nidana'' and ''Vikriti Vijnana'', ''Kaya Chikitsa'', ''Kaumara Bhritya'', ''Prasuti Tantra'', ''Shalya Tantra'', ''Shalakya Tantra'' etc. along with human [[anatomy]], [[physiology]], [[pathology]] & diagnostic procedures, principles of medicine, [[pharmacology]], [[toxicology]], [[forensic medicine]], [[Otolaryngology|E.N.T]], gynecology & obstetrics, ophthalmology and principles of surgery from modern medicine.<ref>{{cite web|title=Central Council of Indian Medicine:: Ministry of Ayush, Govt. of India|url=https://www.ccimindia.org/ayurveda-syllabus.php|website=www.ccimindia.org|accessdate=12 January 2018}}</ref> The syllabus also includes ancient and medieval classics, sometimes in [[Sanskrit]] language.<ref name="london \">{{cite journal|last1=Warrier|first1=Maya|title=Seekership, Spirituality and Self-Discovery: Ayurveda Trainees in Britain|journal=Asian Medicine|date=2008|volume=4|issue=2|pages=423–451|doi=10.1163/157342009X12526658783691|pmid=20617123|pmc=2898496|issn=1573-420X}}</ref>

Serious flaws have been reported in the graduate-level education.<ref name="hindawi \" />


===Permission to practice modern medicine===
===Permission to practice modern medicine===
Line 19: Line 15:
After the completion of BAMS degree, one can either continue general practice or pursue higher studies ([[MD (Ayurveda)]]) & MS (Ayurveda)<ref>{{cite web |last1=Shah |first1=Sandeep |title=Regular Courses available in Ayurveda |url=http://ayush.gov.in/sites/default/files/6729652177-Regular%20Courses%20available%20in%20Ayurveda_0.pdf |website=Ministry of AYUSH}}</ref> post-graduate diplomas in various subjects such as ''Panchakarma, Balaroga'', etc. et al) or perform research. There are also opportunities to work in hospital and healthcare administration and health supervision.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Pitkar|first=Urmila A.|date=2010|title=Career options after Bachelor of Ayurvedic Medicine and Surgery|journal= International Journal of Ayurveda Research|volume=1|issue=3|pages=192–194|doi=10.4103/0974-7788.72495|issn=0974-7788|pmc=2996581|pmid=21170215}}</ref><ref>Times news network, Shibu Thimas, Mumbai, 10 July 2012 [http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-07-10/mumbai/32617236_1_bams-supervisor-health BAMS doctor can apply for post of health supervisor: HC] (Accessed on 11 July 2012)</ref>
After the completion of BAMS degree, one can either continue general practice or pursue higher studies ([[MD (Ayurveda)]]) & MS (Ayurveda)<ref>{{cite web |last1=Shah |first1=Sandeep |title=Regular Courses available in Ayurveda |url=http://ayush.gov.in/sites/default/files/6729652177-Regular%20Courses%20available%20in%20Ayurveda_0.pdf |website=Ministry of AYUSH}}</ref> post-graduate diplomas in various subjects such as ''Panchakarma, Balaroga'', etc. et al) or perform research. There are also opportunities to work in hospital and healthcare administration and health supervision.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Pitkar|first=Urmila A.|date=2010|title=Career options after Bachelor of Ayurvedic Medicine and Surgery|journal= International Journal of Ayurveda Research|volume=1|issue=3|pages=192–194|doi=10.4103/0974-7788.72495|issn=0974-7788|pmc=2996581|pmid=21170215}}</ref><ref>Times news network, Shibu Thimas, Mumbai, 10 July 2012 [http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-07-10/mumbai/32617236_1_bams-supervisor-health BAMS doctor can apply for post of health supervisor: HC] (Accessed on 11 July 2012)</ref>


Outside certain South Asian countries, Ayurveda is not integrated with the national health system, and is therefore punishable by law to practice it unless, in some cases, the practitioner also holds the license to prescribe modern medicine.<ref>{{cite web|title=Legal Status of Traditional Medicine and Complementary/Alternative Medicine: A Worldwide Review|url=http://apps.who.int/medicinedocs/pdf/h2943e/h2943e.pdf|publisher=World Health Organization|accessdate=12 January 2018}}</ref>
Outside certain South Asian countries, Ayurveda is not integrated with the national health system and is therefore punishable by law to practice it unless, in some cases, the practitioner also holds the license to prescribe modern medicine.<ref>{{cite web|title=Legal Status of Traditional Medicine and Complementary/Alternative Medicine: A Worldwide Review|url=http://apps.who.int/medicinedocs/pdf/h2943e/h2943e.pdf|publisher=World Health Organization|accessdate=12 January 2018}}</ref>. In Australia, Ayurveda is recognised as alternative medicine and practitioners get a licence for practise https://www.tga.gov.au/alert/ayurvedic-medicines

== See also ==


== References ==
== References ==

Revision as of 01:02, 31 August 2020

Bachelor of Ayurvedic Medicine and Surgery (B.A.M.S.) is a professional degree in medicine focused on Ayurveda offered in India,[1] Nepal,[2] Bangladesh [3] and other South Asian countries.

It is awarded after the study of five and a half years duration, including 1-year internship. A BAMS graduate is allowed to provide medical treatment in some states of India and Sri Lanka after registering oneself at the government-approved licensing body.[4][5] Avurveda is considered to be pseudoscience by a writer of non-peer reviewed and non-scientific book [6], however, there is emerging scientific investigations about certain practises [7]. Ayurveda is not only about medicine but about improving health with lifestyle and diet taking into account yoga and meditation. The Indian Medical Association (IMA) characterises modern medicine practice by Ayurvedic practitioners who do not have MBBS as quackery [8] . This does not mean that Ayurveda as a whole is discouraged from practice which is administered by Ministry of AYUSH in India and a type of complementary or alternative medicine.[9][10]. Ayurveda has been recognised as an area of research and study in leading academic universities in India such as Banaras Hindu University with Faculty of Ayurveda [11]. Elsevier publication called Journal of Ayurveda and Integrative Medicine [7] promoting scientific study of Ayurveda medicine and practises. Ayurvedic remedies have shown to have positive impact in helping fever recovery during COVID-19 [12].

India

In India, there are more than 394 colleges that offer B.A.M.S degree.[1]

The curriculum includes studying and teaching of along with corresponding Ayurvedic subjects such as Rachana Sharira, Kriya Sharira, Dravyuaguna, Svasthavritta and Yoga, Roga Nidana and Vikriti Vijnana, Kaya Chikitsa, Kaumara Bhritya, Prasuti Tantra, Shalya Tantra, Shalakya Tantra etc. along with human anatomy, physiology, pathology & diagnostic procedures, principles of medicine, pharmacology, toxicology, forensic medicine, E.N.T, gynecology & obstetrics, ophthalmology and principles of surgery from modern medicine.[13] The syllabus also includes ancient and medieval classics, sometimes in Sanskrit language.[14]

Permission to practice modern medicine

BAMS graduates have been permitted to practice modern medicine in the state of Maharashtra.[15][16] In the state of Karnataka, BAMS doctors appointed in primary health centres in rural areas can practice modern-medicine in case of "emergencies".[17]

Career

After the completion of BAMS degree, one can either continue general practice or pursue higher studies (MD (Ayurveda)) & MS (Ayurveda)[18] post-graduate diplomas in various subjects such as Panchakarma, Balaroga, etc. et al) or perform research. There are also opportunities to work in hospital and healthcare administration and health supervision.[19][20]

Outside certain South Asian countries, Ayurveda is not integrated with the national health system and is therefore punishable by law to practice it unless, in some cases, the practitioner also holds the license to prescribe modern medicine.[21]. In Australia, Ayurveda is recognised as alternative medicine and practitioners get a licence for practise https://www.tga.gov.au/alert/ayurvedic-medicines

See also

References

  1. ^ a b Patwardhan, Kishor; Gehlot, Sangeeta; Singh, Girish; Rathore, H. C. S. (2011). "The Ayurveda Education in India: How Well Are the Graduates Exposed to Basic Clinical Skills?". Evidence-Based Complementary and Ancient Medicine. 2011: 197391. doi:10.1093/ecam/nep113. ISSN 1741-427X. PMC 3095267. PMID 19687194.
  2. ^ "Ayurveda Campus Institute of Medicine". www.iom.edu.np. Retrieved 12 January 2018.
  3. ^ "Alternative Medical Care : WHO extends support for modernization" (PDF). Retrieved 12 January 2018.
  4. ^ "Ayurvedic Medical Council - Sri Lanka". www.ayurvedicmedicoun.gov.lk. Retrieved 12 January 2018.
  5. ^ "Central Council of Indian Medicine:: Ministry of Ayush, Govt. of India". www.ccimindia.org.
  6. ^ Quack, Johannes (2011). Disenchanting India: Organized Rationalism and Criticism of Religion in India. Oxford University Press. pp. 213, 3. ISBN 9780199812608.
  7. ^ a b "Journal of Ayurveda and Integrative Medicine".
  8. ^ "IMA Anti Quackery Wing". Indian Medical Association.
  9. ^ Smith, Frederick M.; Wujastyk, Dagmar (2008). "Introduction". In Smith, Frederick M.; Wujastyk, Dagmar (eds.). Modern and Global Ayurveda: Pluralism and Paradigms. New York, NY: SUNY Press. pp. 1–28. ISBN 9780791478165. OCLC 244771011. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
  10. ^ "A Closer Look at Ayurvedic Medicine". Focus on Complementary and Alternative Medicine. 12 (4). Bethesda, Maryland: National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health (NCCIH). US National Institutes of Health (NIH). Fall 2005 – Winter 2006. Archived from the original on 2006-12-09.
  11. ^ https://www.bhu.ac.in/ims/ayurveda/. {{cite web}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)
  12. ^ "Ayurvedic treatment of COVID-19/SARS-CoV-2: A case report".
  13. ^ "Central Council of Indian Medicine:: Ministry of Ayush, Govt. of India". www.ccimindia.org. Retrieved 12 January 2018.
  14. ^ Warrier, Maya (2008). "Seekership, Spirituality and Self-Discovery: Ayurveda Trainees in Britain". Asian Medicine. 4 (2): 423–451. doi:10.1163/157342009X12526658783691. ISSN 1573-420X. PMC 2898496. PMID 20617123.
  15. ^ Prasad Kulkarni, Times of India, Pune editioeditiony 2012 Maharashtra: Ayurvedadoctors to go on strike on July 10 (Accessed on 11 July 2012)
  16. ^ "Now, unani, ayurveda practitioners can prescribe allopathy medicines, perform surgeries". The Indian Express. Retrieved 12 January 2018.
  17. ^ Yasmeen, Afshan (2017-01-06). "Karnataka Ayuh doctors can now prescribe allopathic drugs during emergencies". The Hindu. Retrieved 12 January 2018.
  18. ^ Shah, Sandeep. "Regular Courses available in Ayurveda" (PDF). Ministry of AYUSH.
  19. ^ Pitkar, Urmila A. (2010). "Career options after Bachelor of Ayurvedic Medicine and Surgery". International Journal of Ayurveda Research. 1 (3): 192–194. doi:10.4103/0974-7788.72495. ISSN 0974-7788. PMC 2996581. PMID 21170215.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link)
  20. ^ Times news network, Shibu Thimas, Mumbai, 10 July 2012 BAMS doctor can apply for post of health supervisor: HC (Accessed on 11 July 2012)
  21. ^ "Legal Status of Traditional Medicine and Complementary/Alternative Medicine: A Worldwide Review" (PDF). World Health Organization. Retrieved 12 January 2018.
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