Punk jazz: Difference between revisions

Jazzcore
Jazzcore
Stylistic origins	Punk jazz; hardcore punk; heavy metal;
Other topics
	Mathcore; jazz metal;

Punk jazz
Punk jazz
Stylistic origins	Punk rock; jazz; free jazz; jazz fusion;
Cultural origins	Mid-1970s, United States
Subgenres
	Jazzcore
Other topics
	No wave; art punk; post-punk; post-hardcore; math rock; punk funk; avant-funk; bebop; post-bop; swing revival; jazz metal; loft jazz;

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Punk jazz is a genre of music that combines elements of jazz, especially improvisation, with the instrumentation and performance style of punk rock.^[1] The term was first used to describe James Chance and the Contortions' 1979 album Buy.^[2] Punk jazz is closely related to free jazz, no wave, and loft jazz, and has since significantly inspired post-hardcore and alternative hip hop.

Notable proponents of the genre include John Zorn, Arto Lindsay, Elliott Sharp, and James Chance, among others.^[3]

History

1970s–1980s

The first band to approach the genre were The Stooges, more specifically on three songs from their second album, Fun House: "1970", "Fun House", and "L.A. Blues". Those songs featured saxophone played by Steve Mackay, and were released in 1970, several years before the genre expanded.^[4]

Late 1970s New York no wave bands broke with blues rock-influenced punk in a style that instead combined elements such as free jazz noise, experimental drone rock, and other avant-garde influences.^[5] Examples of this style include Lydia Lunch's album Queen of Siam, the work of James Chance and the Contortions, who mixed funk with free jazz and punk rock.^[6] These bands, in turn, influenced the styles of the Pop Group and the Birthday Party.^[7] In London, the Pop Group began to mix free jazz, along with dub reggae, into their brand of punk rock.^[8] The Birthday Party's sound on Junkyard (1982) was described by one journalist as a mix of "no-wave guitar, free-jazz craziness, and punk-processed Captain Beefheart angularity".^[9]

The Lounge Lizards^[6] was the first group to call themselves punk jazz. Bill Laswell and his band Material mixed funk, jazz, and punk while his band Massacre added improvisation to rock.^{[citation needed]}

James Blood Ulmer applied Coleman's harmolodic style to guitar and sought out links to no wave. Bad Brains, widely acknowledged to have established the rudiments of the hardcore style, began by attempting jazz fusion.^[10] Guitarist Joe Baiza executed his blend of punk and free jazz with Saccharine Trust and in Universal Congress Of, a group influenced by the work of Albert Ayler. Henry Rollins has praised free jazz, releasing albums by Matthew Shipp on his record label^[11] and collaborating with Charles Gayle. The Minutemen were influenced by jazz, folk and funk. Mike Watt of the band has spoken about being inspired by listening to John Coltrane.^[12]

Dutch anarcho-punk group the Ex incorporated elements of free jazz and particularly European free improvisation, collaborating with Han Bennink and other members of the Instant Composers Pool.^[13]

1990s

Free jazz was an important influence in the American post-hardcore scene of the early 90s. Drive Like Jehu took Black Flag's atonal solos a step further with their dual guitar attack. The Nation of Ulysses had Ian Svenonious alternating between vocals and trumpet, and their complex song structures, odd time signatures, and frenetic live shows were as much hardcore punk as they were free jazz. They even did a brief cover of John Coltrane's A Love Supreme on their Plays Pretty for Baby album, though they titled it "The Sound of Jazz to Come" after Ornette Coleman's classic album The Shape of Jazz to Come. Chicago's Cap'n Jazz also borrowed free jazz's odd time signatures and guitar melodies, marrying them with hardcore screams and amateur tuba playing. The Swedish band Refused was influenced by this scene and recorded an album titled The Shape of Punk to Come, where they alternate between manic hardcore punk numbers and slower, jazzy songs.

2000s–2010s

Yakuza from Chicago is comparable to Candiria, combining heavy metal with free jazz and psychedelia. Although Italian band Ephel Duath was credited with the inadvertent recreation of jazzcore on their albums The Painter's Palette (2003) and Pain Necessary to Know (2005), the band moved away from it to pursue a more esoteric form of progressive rock similar to the music of Frank Zappa. Midori made waves around Japan in the mid-2000s for their unrelenting and chaotic blend of hardcore punk and dissonant jazz before disbanding at the end of 2010.

Other punk jazz acts include Gutbucket,^[14] Antikult, King Krule^[15] and Maruja.^[16]

Jazzcore

Jazzcore is a subgenre that incorporates elements of hardcore punk and heavy metal music alongside typical jazz instrumentation and improvisation.^[17]

References

^ Davis, John S. (2020). Historical Dictionary of Jazz. Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield. p. 345. ISBN 9781538128152. OCLC 1283081873.
^ Farber, Jim (May 22, 2019). "Frantic, Distorted, Defiant: When Punk Jazz Upended the Underground". JazzTimes. Retrieved May 27, 2022.
^ Berendt, Joachim Ernst (2009). The Jazz Book: From Ragtime to the 21st Century. Chicago Review Press. p. 1985. ISBN 9781613746042. OCLC 1098926242.
^ "How the Stooges' Created a Pre-Punk Milestone With 'Fun House'". Ultimate Classic Rock. July 7, 2015. Retrieved July 31, 2025.
^ Masters, Marc (January 15, 2008). "NO!: The Origins of No Wave". Pitchfork. Retrieved July 8, 2022.
^ ^a ^b Bangs, Lester. "Free Jazz / Punk Rock". Musician Magazine, 1979. [1] Access date: July 20, 2008.
^ Sheppard, David (2009). On Some Faraway Beach: The Life and Times of Brian Eno. Chicago Review Press. p. 294. ISBN 978-1-55652-942-9.
^ Dave Lang, Perfect Sound Forever, February 1999. [2] Archived April 20, 1999, at the Wayback Machine Access date: November 15, 2008.
^ "The Birthday Party: Junkyard [PA] [Remaster] - Buddha Records - COLB 74465996942 - 744659969423". Archived from the original on April 21, 2016. Retrieved July 22, 2016.
^ "Bad Brains". Punknews.org. July 13, 2010. Retrieved August 15, 2012.
^ LOkennedyWEBdesignDOTcom. "Matthew Shipp". Matthewshipp.com. Archived from the original on March 4, 2016. Retrieved August 15, 2012.
^ Sharp, Charles Michael (2008). Improvisation, Identity and Tradition: Experimental Music Communities in Los Angeles (Ph.D.). Archived from the original on April 24, 2014. Retrieved April 24, 2014.
^ Beissenhirtz, Alexander J. (May 11, 2006). "Misha Mengelberg and Han Bennink in Berlin". All About Jazz. Retrieved August 17, 2018.
^ "Gutbucket Addresses Their Flock". Pop Matters. Retrieved January 23, 2014.
^ Brown, August (December 19, 2013). "Review: King Krule's spooky, angry musings at the Fonda". The Los Angeles Times. Retrieved December 23, 2013. Sometimes, his debts to jammy jazz-fusion went on a little long, and some concision in the writing and playing would have sharpened the emotional fangs that these songs have at their core. But who knew the time was so right for a disaffected jazz-punk balladeer in a baggy suit?
^ "How jazz-punk quartet Maruja prevailed in spite of their surroundings". Crack Magazine. Retrieved November 29, 2025.
^ Davis, John S. (2020). Historical Dictionary of Jazz. Rowman & Littlefield. p. 217. ISBN 978-1-5381-2815-2. OCLC 1283081873.

[:02-1] Davis, John S. (2020). Historical Dictionary of Jazz. Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield. p. 345. ISBN 9781538128152. OCLC 1283081873.

[:1-2] Farber, Jim (May 22, 2019). "Frantic, Distorted, Defiant: When Punk Jazz Upended the Underground". JazzTimes. Retrieved May 27, 2022.

[3] Berendt, Joachim Ernst (2009). The Jazz Book: From Ragtime to the 21st Century. Chicago Review Press. p. 1985. ISBN 9781613746042. OCLC 1098926242.

[4] "How the Stooges' Created a Pre-Punk Milestone With 'Fun House'". Ultimate Classic Rock. July 7, 2015. Retrieved July 31, 2025.

[5] Masters, Marc (January 15, 2008). "NO!: The Origins of No Wave". Pitchfork. Retrieved July 8, 2022.

[bangs-6] Bangs, Lester. "Free Jazz / Punk Rock". Musician Magazine, 1979. [1] Access date: July 20, 2008.

[7] Sheppard, David (2009). On Some Faraway Beach: The Life and Times of Brian Eno. Chicago Review Press. p. 294. ISBN 978-1-55652-942-9.

[8] Dave Lang, Perfect Sound Forever, February 1999. [2] Archived April 20, 1999, at the Wayback Machine Access date: November 15, 2008.

[9] "The Birthday Party: Junkyard [PA] [Remaster] - Buddha Records - COLB 74465996942 - 744659969423". Archived from the original on April 21, 2016. Retrieved July 22, 2016.

[10] "Bad Brains". Punknews.org. July 13, 2010. Retrieved August 15, 2012.

[11] LOkennedyWEBdesignDOTcom. "Matthew Shipp". Matthewshipp.com. Archived from the original on March 4, 2016. Retrieved August 15, 2012.

[12] Sharp, Charles Michael (2008). Improvisation, Identity and Tradition: Experimental Music Communities in Los Angeles (Ph.D.). Archived from the original on April 24, 2014. Retrieved April 24, 2014.

[Beissenhirtz-13] Beissenhirtz, Alexander J. (May 11, 2006). "Misha Mengelberg and Han Bennink in Berlin". All About Jazz. Retrieved August 17, 2018.

[popmatters-14] "Gutbucket Addresses Their Flock". Pop Matters. Retrieved January 23, 2014.

[15] Brown, August (December 19, 2013). "Review: King Krule's spooky, angry musings at the Fonda". The Los Angeles Times. Retrieved December 23, 2013. Sometimes, his debts to jammy jazz-fusion went on a little long, and some concision in the writing and playing would have sharpened the emotional fangs that these songs have at their core. But who knew the time was so right for a disaffected jazz-punk balladeer in a baggy suit?

[16] "How jazz-punk quartet Maruja prevailed in spite of their surroundings". Crack Magazine. Retrieved November 29, 2025.

[17] Davis, John S. (2020). Historical Dictionary of Jazz. Rowman & Littlefield. p. 217. ISBN 978-1-5381-2815-2. OCLC 1283081873.

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@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
-{{Use mdy dates|date=May 2022}}
 {{Short description|Fusion music genre}}
 {{Hatnote|Not to be confused with "Punk Jazz", a composition by [[Jaco Pastorius]], or with ''[[Jazzpunk]]'', a video game.}}
+{{Use mdy dates|date=May 2022}}
-{{Infobox music genre
+{{More citations needed|date=May 2022}}{{Infobox music genre
 | name              = Punk jazz
 | stylistic_origins = {{hlist|[[Punk rock]]|[[jazz]]|[[free jazz]]|[[jazz fusion]]}}
 | cultural_origins  = Mid-1970s, United States
-| subgenres         = [[Jazzcore]], [[Swing punk]]
+| subgenres         = [[Jazzcore]]
 | instruments       =
+| other_topics      = {{hlist|[[No wave music|No wave]]|[[art punk]]|[[post-punk]]|[[post-hardcore]]|[[math rock]]|[[punk funk]]|[[avant-funk]]|[[bebop]]|[[post-bop]]|[[swing revival]]|[[jazz metal]]|[[loft jazz]]}}
-| other_topics      = *[[Avant-punk]]
-*[[hardcore punk]]
-*[[jazz metal]]
-*[[no wave]]
-*[[post-punk]]
-*[[post-hardcore]]
 }}
+'''Punk jazz''' is a genre of music that combines elements of [[jazz]], especially improvisation, with the instrumentation and performance style of [[punk rock]].<ref name=":02">{{cite book |author=Davis |first=John S. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=S_r1DwAAQBAJ&dq=Punk+jazz&pg=PA345 |title=Historical Dictionary of Jazz |publisher=[[Rowman & Littlefield]] |year=2020 |isbn=9781538128152 |location=Lanham, MD |pages=345 |oclc=1283081873}}</ref> The term was first used to describe [[James Chance and the Contortions]]' 1979 album ''[[Buy (album)|Buy]]''.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Farber |first=Jim |date=22 May 2019 |title=Frantic, Distorted, Defiant: When Punk Jazz Upended the Underground |url=https://jazztimes.com/features/profiles/punk-jazz-revisited/ |access-date=2022-05-27 |website=[[JazzTimes]] |language=en-US}}</ref> Punk jazz is closely related to [[free jazz]], [[no wave]], and [[loft jazz]], and has since significantly inspired [[post-hardcore]] and [[alternative hip hop]].
-'''Punk jazz''' is a music genre that describes the amalgamation of elements of [[jazz]] (especially [[free jazz]] and [[free funk]]<ref>{{cite web | title = Free Funk Genre | publisher = [[Allmusic]] | url = {{AllMusic|class=explore|id=style/d2609|pure_url=yes}} | access-date = August 2, 2021}}</ref>) with the instrumentation or conceptual heritage of [[punk rock]] (typically the more dissonant strains such as [[no wave]] and [[hardcore punk]]). [[John Zorn]]'s band [[Naked City (band)|Naked City]], [[James Chance and the Contortions]], [[Lounge Lizards]], [[Universal Congress Of]], and [[Laughing Clowns]] are notable examples of punk jazz artists.
+Notable proponents of the genre include [[John Zorn]], [[Arto Lindsay]], [[Elliott Sharp]], and [[James Chance]], among others.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Berendt |first=Joachim Ernst |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Rd82AAAAQBAJ |title=The Jazz Book: From Ragtime to the 21st Century |publisher=Chicago Review Press |year=2009 |isbn=9781613746042 |location= |pages=1985 |oclc=1098926242}}</ref>
 ==History==
-===1970s===
+===1970s–1980s===
-[[Patti Smith]], who (unsuccessfully) sought out collaboration with [[Ornette Coleman]], and [[Television (band)|Television]], also developed a sinuous, improvisatory strain of punk, indebted to jazz.<ref>Stephen Thomas Erlewine, Television bio, Allmusic. [{{AllMusic|class=artist|id=p5612/biography|pure_url=yes}}] Access date: October 8, 2008.</ref>
-In England, jazz musicians who performed with punk acts included the saxophonist [[Lol Coxhill]], who recorded with [[The Damned (band)|the Damned]].<ref>[http://www.list.co.uk/article/10258-burt-macdonald-with-lol-coxhill/ "Burt MacDonald with Lol Coxhill" LIST.CO.UK], 2008</ref> Punk drummers who had played in jazz bands included  [[Jet Black]] of the Stranglers and [[Topper Headon]] of the Clash.
-The pioneering [[Australian punk]] scene of the mid-1970s was also influenced by jazz. The introduction of [[swing (jazz performance style)|swing]] arrangements and a brass section on [[The Saints (Australian band)|the Saints]]' 1978 album ''[[Prehistoric Sounds]]'', were carried over into [[Ed Kuepper]]'s subsequent band, [[Laughing Clowns]]. Kuepper sought to create a free jazz "[[sheets of sound]]" aesthetic similar to that of [[Sun Ra]], [[Pharoah Sanders]], and [[John Coltrane]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.news.com.au/couriermail/story/0,23739,24611191-5003421,00.html|title=The Laughing Clowns play at Brisbane's GoMA|access-date=July 22, 2016}}</ref> The early punk projects of [[Ollie Olsen]] also drew inspiration from free jazz, including [[Ornette Coleman]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.michaelhutchence.org/index.php?page=273|title=Michael Hutchence – A tribute from his family, created by his father Kelland Hutchence.|access-date=July 22, 2016}}</ref> [[The Birthday Party (band)|the Boys Next Door]], known later as the Birthday Party, were incorporating various elements of jazz during the late 1970s. The efforts of these Australian punk bands has been described as "desert jazz".<ref>[http://www.salon.com/ent/music/review/1999/07/21/birthday/ Australian Punk: The Birthday Party]</ref>
-===1980s===
 [[File:James White 1981 2.jpg|thumb|left|[[James Chance]] in 1981]]
-During the 1980s, a relaxation of orthodoxy, concurrent with [[post-punk]], led to a new appreciation for jazz.
+The first band to approach the genre were [[The Stooges]], more specifically on three songs from their second album, ''[[Fun House (The Stooges album)|Fun House]]'': "1970", "Fun House", and "L.A. Blues". Those songs featured saxophone played by [[Steve Mackay]], and were released in 1970, several years before the genre expanded.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2015-07-07 |title=How the Stooges' Created a Pre-Punk Milestone With 'Fun House' |url=https://ultimateclassicrock.com/stooges-fun-house/ |access-date=2025-07-31 |website=Ultimate Classic Rock |language=en}}</ref>
-In London, [[the Pop Group]] began to mix free jazz, along with dub reggae, into their brand of punk rock.<ref>Dave Lang, ''Perfect Sound Forever'', February 1999. [http://www.furious.com/Perfect/popgroup.html] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/19990420123739/http://www.furious.com/perfect/popgroup.html |date=April 20, 1999 }} Access date: November 15, 2008.</ref>
-[[Nick Cave]] stated that the Pop Group's song "[[We Are All Prostitutes]]" was a major influence on [[The Birthday Party (band)|the Birthday Party]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BUC2GmzJpGY|title=Nick Cave on The Pop Group (1999)|last=jarvizcocker|date=July 20, 2010 |access-date=July 22, 2016|via=YouTube}}</ref> Their sound on ''[[Junkyard (album)|Junkyard]]'' (1982) was described by one journalist as a mix of "no-wave guitar, free-jazz craziness, and punk-processed [[Captain Beefheart]] angularity".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hbdirect.com/album_detail.php?pid=82954 |title=The Birthday Party: Junkyard [PA] [Remaster] - Buddha Records - COLB 74465996942 - 744659969423 |access-date=July 22, 2016 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160421021739/http://www.hbdirect.com/album_detail.php?pid=82954|archive-date=April 21, 2016}}</ref>
+Late 1970s New York [[no wave]] bands broke with [[blues rock]]-influenced punk in a style that instead combined elements such as [[free jazz]] noise, [[experimental rock|experimental drone rock]], and other [[avant-garde]] influences.<ref>{{Cite web |last1=Masters |first1=Marc |title=NO!: The Origins of No Wave |work=[[Pitchfork (website)|Pitchfork]] |date=2008-01-15 |url=https://pitchfork.com/features/article/6764-no-the-origins-of-no-wave/ |language=en |access-date=2022-07-08 |df=mdy-all }}</ref> Examples of this style include [[Lydia Lunch]]'s album ''[[Queen of Siam (Lydia Lunch album)|Queen of Siam]]'', the work of [[James Chance and the Contortions]], who mixed funk with free jazz and punk rock.<ref name=bangs/> These bands, in turn, influenced the styles of [[the Pop Group]] and [[the Birthday Party (band)|the Birthday Party]].<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Sheppard |first1=David |title=On Some Faraway Beach: The Life and Times of Brian Eno |date=2009 |url=http://archive.org/details/onsomefarawaybea0000shep |language=en |isbn=978-1-55652-942-9 |publisher=Chicago Review Press |df=mdy-all |page=[https://archive.org/details/onsomefarawaybea0000shep/page/294/mode/1up 294] }}</ref> In London, the Pop Group began to mix free jazz, along with dub reggae, into their brand of punk rock.<ref>Dave Lang, ''Perfect Sound Forever'', February 1999. [http://www.furious.com/Perfect/popgroup.html] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/19990420123739/http://www.furious.com/perfect/popgroup.html|date=April 20, 1999}} Access date: November 15, 2008.</ref> The Birthday Party's sound on ''[[Junkyard (album)|Junkyard]]'' (1982) was described by one journalist as a mix of "no-wave guitar, free-jazz craziness, and punk-processed [[Captain Beefheart]] angularity".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hbdirect.com/album_detail.php?pid=82954 |title=The Birthday Party: Junkyard [PA] [Remaster] - Buddha Records - COLB 74465996942 - 744659969423 |access-date=July 22, 2016 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160421021739/http://www.hbdirect.com/album_detail.php?pid=82954|archive-date=April 21, 2016}}</ref>
-In New York, [[no wave]] was inspired by punk and free jazz. Examples of this style include [[Lydia Lunch]]'s album ''[[Queen of Siam (Lydia Lunch album)|Queen of Siam]]'',<ref name="bangs">Bangs, Lester. "Free Jazz / Punk Rock". ''Musician Magazine'', 1979. [http://www.notbored.org/bangs.html] Access date: July 20, 2008.</ref> the work of [[James Chance and the Contortions]], who mixed funk with free jazz and punk rock,<ref name=bangs/> Gray, and the [[Lounge Lizards]],<ref name=bangs/> the first group to call themselves punk jazz. [[Bill Laswell]] and his band [[Material (band)|Material]] mixed funk, jazz, and punk<ref name="Ankeny">{{cite web |last1=Ankeny |first1=Jason |title=Material |url=https://www.allmusic.com/artist/material-mn0000386865/biography |website=AllMusic |access-date=August 17, 2018}}</ref> while his band [[Massacre (experimental band)|Massacre]] added improvisation to rock.<ref name="Anderson">{{cite web |last1=Anderson |first1=Rick |title=Killing Time |url=https://www.allmusic.com/album/killing-time-mw0000194494 |website=AllMusic |access-date=August 17, 2018}}</ref> He was a member of the American free jazz band [[Last Exit (free jazz band)|Last Exit]]<ref name="Dougan">{{cite web |last1=Dougan |first1=John |title=Last Exit |url=https://www.allmusic.com/artist/last-exit-mn0000134646/biography |website=AllMusic |access-date=August 17, 2018}}</ref> and [[Painkiller (band)|Pain Killer]].<ref name="Huey">{{cite web |last1=Huey |first1=Steve |title=Pain Killer |url=https://www.allmusic.com/artist/pain-killer-mn0000744399/biography |website=AllMusic |access-date=August 17, 2018}}</ref>
+The [[Lounge Lizards]]<ref name="bangs">Bangs, Lester. "Free Jazz / Punk Rock". ''Musician Magazine'', 1979. [http://www.notbored.org/bangs.html] Access date: July 20, 2008.</ref> was the first group to call themselves punk jazz. [[Bill Laswell]] and his band [[Material (band)|Material]] mixed funk, jazz, and punk while his band [[Massacre (experimental band)|Massacre]] added improvisation to rock.{{Citation needed|date=May 2022}}
-[[James Blood Ulmer]] applied Coleman's [[harmolodic]] style to guitar and sought out links to [[no wave]]. [[Bad Brains]], widely acknowledged to have established the rudiments of the hardcore style, began by attempting [[jazz fusion]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.punknews.org/bands/badbrains |title=Bad Brains |publisher=Punknews.org |date=July 13, 2010 |access-date=August 15, 2012}}</ref> Guitarist [[Joe Baiza]] executed his blend of punk and free jazz with [[Saccharine Trust]] and in [[Universal Congress Of]], a group influenced by the work of [[Albert Ayler]].<ref>{{cite book |first=Charles Michael |last=Sharp |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wozYbXvkgqEC |title=Improvisation, Identity and Tradition: Experimental Music Communities in Los Angeles |date=2008 |page=224 |access-date=October 8, 2012 |isbn=9781109123777}}</ref> [[Greg Ginn]] of [[Black Flag (band)|Black Flag]] incorporated elements of free jazz into his guitar playing, most notably on Black Flag's 1985 instrumental EP ''[[The Process of Weeding Out]]''.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.citizine.net/music/music-0306_gregginn1.htm |title=www.citizine.net |publisher=www.citizine.net |access-date=August 15, 2012}}</ref> [[Henry Rollins]] has praised free jazz, releasing albums by [[Matthew Shipp]] on his record label<ref>{{cite web |author=LOkennedyWEBdesignDOTcom |url=http://www.matthewshipp.com/press/108-allaboutjazz-combo/108-allaboutjazz-combo.html |title=Matthew Shipp |publisher=Matthewshipp.com |access-date=August 15, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304124711/http://www.matthewshipp.com/press/108-allaboutjazz-combo/108-allaboutjazz-combo.html |archive-date=March 4, 2016 |url-status=dead }}</ref> and collaborating with [[Charles Gayle]]. [[The Minutemen (band)|The Minutemen]] were influenced by jazz, folk and funk. [[Mike Watt]] of the band has spoken about being inspired by listening to John Coltrane.<ref>{{Cite thesis |last=Sharp |first=Charles Michael |title=Improvisation, Identity and Tradition: Experimental Music Communities in Los Angeles |type=Ph.D. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wozYbXvkgqEC&q=minutemen+jazz&pg=PA217 |year=2008 |access-date=April 24, 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140424235917/http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=wozYbXvkgqEC&pg=PA217&lpg=PA217&dq=minutemen+jazz&source=bl&ots=8OZPnnW0nj&sig=Gaf_z3Yf6YDo-D61c-GGxjxVVuA&hl=en&sa=X&ei=RltZU9mTJc2-PbChgegP&ved=0CDcQ6AEwAjgK#v=onepage&q=minutemen%20jazz&f=false |archive-date=April 24, 2014 }}</ref>
+[[James Blood Ulmer]] applied Coleman's [[harmolodic]] style to guitar and sought out links to [[no wave]]. [[Bad Brains]], widely acknowledged to have established the rudiments of the hardcore style, began by attempting [[jazz fusion]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.punknews.org/bands/badbrains |title=Bad Brains |publisher=Punknews.org |date=July 13, 2010 |access-date=August 15, 2012}}</ref> Guitarist [[Joe Baiza]] executed his blend of punk and free jazz with [[Saccharine Trust]] and in [[Universal Congress Of]], a group influenced by the work of [[Albert Ayler]]. [[Henry Rollins]] has praised free jazz, releasing albums by [[Matthew Shipp]] on his record label<ref>{{cite web |author=LOkennedyWEBdesignDOTcom |url=http://www.matthewshipp.com/press/108-allaboutjazz-combo/108-allaboutjazz-combo.html |title=Matthew Shipp |publisher=Matthewshipp.com |access-date=August 15, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304124711/http://www.matthewshipp.com/press/108-allaboutjazz-combo/108-allaboutjazz-combo.html |archive-date=March 4, 2016 |url-status=dead }}</ref> and collaborating with [[Charles Gayle]]. [[The Minutemen (band)|The Minutemen]] were influenced by jazz, folk and funk. [[Mike Watt]] of the band has spoken about being inspired by listening to John Coltrane.<ref>{{Cite thesis |last=Sharp |first=Charles Michael |title=Improvisation, Identity and Tradition: Experimental Music Communities in Los Angeles |type=Ph.D. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wozYbXvkgqEC&q=minutemen+jazz&pg=PA217 |year=2008 |access-date=April 24, 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140424235917/http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=wozYbXvkgqEC&pg=PA217&lpg=PA217&dq=minutemen+jazz&source=bl&ots=8OZPnnW0nj&sig=Gaf_z3Yf6YDo-D61c-GGxjxVVuA&hl=en&sa=X&ei=RltZU9mTJc2-PbChgegP&ved=0CDcQ6AEwAjgK#v=onepage&q=minutemen%20jazz&f=false |archive-date=April 24, 2014 }}</ref>
-Dutch [[anarcho-punk]] group [[the Ex (band)|the Ex]] incorporated elements of free jazz and particularly European [[free improvisation]], collaborating with [[Han Bennink]] and other members of the [[Instant Composers Pool]].<ref name="Beissenhirtz">{{cite web |last1=Beissenhirtz |first1=Alexander J. |title=Misha Mengelberg and Han Bennink in Berlin |url=http://www.allaboutjazz.com/php/article.php?id=21548 |website=All About Jazz |access-date=August 17, 2018 |language=en |date=May 11, 2006}}</ref>
+Dutch [[anarcho-punk]] group [[the Ex (band)|the Ex]] incorporated elements of free jazz and particularly European [[free improvisation]], collaborating with [[Han Bennink]] and other members of the [[Instant Composers Pool]].<ref name="Beissenhirtz">{{cite web |last1=Beissenhirtz |first1=Alexander J. |title=Misha Mengelberg and Han Bennink in Berlin |url=https://www.allaboutjazz.com/misha-mengelberg-and-han-bennink-in-berlin-by-alexander-j-beissenhirtz |website=All About Jazz |access-date=August 17, 2018 |language=en |date=May 11, 2006}}</ref>
-Greek-American singer [[Diamanda Galás]] approached jazz tradition from a thematically and stylistically transgressive perspective. Her album ''[[The Singer (Diamanda Galás album)|The Singer]]'' is a prototypical example of punk jazz applied to vocals and piano performance. [[Nick Cave and the Bad Seeds]] bassist [[Barry Adamson]] recorded the album ''[[Moss Side Story]]'', which also applies a punk and [[noise rock]] perspective to the orchestral jazz tradition, with Galás singing on one track.<ref>{{cite news |last=Garden |first=Joe |url=http://www.avclub.com/content/node/23077 |title=Barry Adamson &#124; Interview |newspaper=The A.V. Club |date=August 12, 1998 |access-date=August 15, 2012}}</ref>
 ===1990s===
+{{unreferenced section|date=May 2022}}
 Free jazz was an important influence in the American [[post-hardcore]] scene of the early 90s. [[Drive Like Jehu]] took [[Black Flag (band)|Black Flag]]'s atonal solos a step further with their dual guitar attack. [[The Nation of Ulysses]] had Ian Svenonious alternating between vocals and trumpet, and their complex song structures, odd time signatures, and frenetic live shows were as much hardcore punk as they were free jazz. They even did a brief cover of [[John Coltrane]]'s ''[[A Love Supreme]]'' on their ''[[Plays Pretty for Baby]]'' album, though they titled it "The Sound of Jazz to Come" after [[Ornette Coleman]]'s classic album ''[[The Shape of Jazz to Come]]''. Chicago's [[Cap'n Jazz]] also borrowed free jazz's odd time signatures and guitar melodies, marrying them with hardcore screams and amateur tuba playing. The Swedish band [[Refused]] was influenced by this scene and recorded an album titled ''[[The Shape of Punk to Come]]'', where they alternate between manic hardcore punk numbers and slower, jazzy songs.
 ===2000s–2010s===
+{{more citations needed|section|date=May 2022}}
 [[Yakuza (band)|Yakuza]] from Chicago is comparable to [[Candiria]], combining heavy metal with free jazz and psychedelia. Although Italian band [[Ephel Duath (band)|Ephel Duath]] was credited with the inadvertent recreation of jazzcore on their albums ''[[The Painter's Palette]]''  (2003) and ''[[Pain Necessary to Know]]'' (2005), the band moved away from it to pursue a more esoteric form of progressive rock similar to the music of [[Frank Zappa]]. [[Midori (band)|Midori]] made waves around Japan in the mid-2000s for their unrelenting and chaotic blend of hardcore punk and dissonant jazz before disbanding at the end of 2010.
-Other punk jazz acts include [[Hella (band)|Hella]], [[Omar Rodriguez-Lopez]], Talibam!, [[Youngblood Brass Band]],<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=1957271|title=The Youngblood Brass Band|website=Npr.org| access-date=August 2, 2021}}</ref> Aurora Beam and [[Zu (band)|Zu]].<ref>Stefano Bianchi in Blow Up #150 (Italy), November 1, 2010 [http://www.actuellecd.com/en/cat/et_07/critiques/index.php]»</ref> [[Gutbucket (band)|Gutbucket]],<ref name="popmatters">{{cite magazine|url=http://www.popmatters.com/post/144183-gutbucket-addresses-their-flock/ |title=Gutbucket Addresses Their Flock|magazine=[[Pop Matters]]|access-date=January 23, 2014}}</ref> and [[King Krule]].<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.latimes.com/entertainment/music/posts/la-et-ms-review-king-krule-spooky-angry-musings-fonda-20131219,0,3310150.story#axzz2oL5a3xyQ |title=Review: King Krule's spooky, angry musings at the Fonda|newspaper=[[The Los Angeles Times]]| last=Brown |first=August|date=December 19, 2013|access-date=December 23, 2013|quote=Sometimes, his debts to jammy jazz-fusion went on a little long, and some concision in the writing and playing would have sharpened the emotional fangs that these songs have at their core. But who knew the time was so right for a disaffected jazz-punk balladeer in a baggy suit?}}</ref>
+Other punk jazz acts include [[Gutbucket (band)|Gutbucket]],<ref name="popmatters">{{cite magazine|url=http://www.popmatters.com/post/144183-gutbucket-addresses-their-flock/ |title=Gutbucket Addresses Their Flock|magazine=[[Pop Matters]]|access-date=January 23, 2014}}</ref> [[Antikult]], [[King Krule]]<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.latimes.com/entertainment/music/posts/la-et-ms-review-king-krule-spooky-angry-musings-fonda-20131219,0,3310150.story#axzz2oL5a3xyQ |title=Review: King Krule's spooky, angry musings at the Fonda|newspaper=[[The Los Angeles Times]]| last=Brown |first=August|date=December 19, 2013|access-date=December 23, 2013|quote=Sometimes, his debts to jammy jazz-fusion went on a little long, and some concision in the writing and playing would have sharpened the emotional fangs that these songs have at their core. But who knew the time was so right for a disaffected jazz-punk balladeer in a baggy suit?}}</ref> and [[Maruja]].<ref>{{cite magazine|url=https://crackmagazine.net/article/profiles/maruja-interview-pain-to-power/ |title=How jazz-punk quartet Maruja prevailed in spite of their surroundings|magazine=[[Crack Magazine]]|access-date=November 29, 2025}}</ref>
 ==Jazzcore==
 {{Infobox music genre
 | name              = Jazzcore
-| stylistic_origins = {{hlist|Punk jazz|[[hardcore punk]]}}
+| stylistic_origins = {{hlist|Punk jazz|[[hardcore punk]]|[[Heavy metal music|heavy metal]]}}
-| cultural_origins  = Mid 1980s, [[United States]] and [[Southern Europe]]
+| cultural_origins  =
-| instruments       =
+| subgenres         =
+| instruments       =
 | other_topics      = {{hlist|[[Mathcore]]|[[jazz metal]]}}
 }}
+Jazzcore is a subgenre that incorporates elements of [[hardcore punk]] and [[Heavy metal music|heavy metal]] music alongside typical jazz instrumentation and improvisation.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Davis |first=John S. |url= |title=Historical Dictionary of Jazz |publisher=[[Rowman & Littlefield]] |year=2020 |isbn=978-1-5381-2815-2 |pages=217 |oclc=1283081873}}</ref>
-Some [[hardcore punk]]-influenced punk jazz bands such as [[Zu (band)|Zu]], [[16-17 (band)|16-17]], [[Painkiller (band)|Pain Killer/Painkiller]], and [[Ephel Duath (band)|Ephel Duath]] have been described as '''jazzcore'''.
-==Swing punk==
-{{Infobox music genre
-| name              = Swing punk
-| stylistic_origins = {{hlist|Punk jazz|[[swing revival]]|[[Swing music|swing]]}}
-| cultural_origins  = Late 1980s, [[United States]]
-| instruments       =
-| other_topics      = * [[Swing revival]]
-}}
-Swing punk is a genre created by the fusion of [[punk rock]], [[jazz]], and [[swing revival]] elements. [[Cherry Poppin' Daddies]] have been described as incorporating punk and [[ska]] elements into swing and jazz music.<ref>{{cite news |title=Music Sideshow |newspaper=[[The Register-Guard]] |date=August 2, 2002}}</ref>
 ==Further reading==
@@ Line 94: / Line 73: @@
 [[Category:Jazz genres]]
 [[Category:Fusion music genres]]
+[[Category:Rock music genres]]

v t e Punk rock
Precursors	Garage rock Proto-punk
Subgenres and fusion genres	2 tone Afro-punk Anarcho-punk Crust punk Crack rock steady Crustcore D-beat Art punk Biker metal Christian punk Christian hardcore Cowpunk Dance-punk Dark cabaret Egg punk Emo Emo pop Emo rap Emo revival Midwest emo Screamo Folk punk Anti-folk Celtic punk Gypsy punk Garage punk Glam punk Hardcore punk Beatdown hardcore Bent edge Crossover thrash Digital hardcore Krishnacore Melodic hardcore Metalcore Deathcore Electronicore Crunkcore Nintendocore Mathcore Melodic metalcore Progressive metalcore Incelcore Post-hardcore Emo revival Queercore Riot grrrl Shaman punk Taqwacore Thrashcore Horror punk Latino punk Nazi punk New wave Oi! Street punk Pop-punk Skate punk Post-punk Post-punk revival Ultra Progressive punk Psychobilly Punk blues Punk funk Punk jazz Jazzcore Punk metal Punk pathetique Punk rap Rapcore Reggae punk Ska punk Third wave ska Street punk Surf punk Synth-punk Visual kei
Related genres	Alternative rock Grebo Grunge Indie rock
By country	Australia Brazil Canada Estonia List of bands France Germany Greece Netherlands Spain Basque Radical Rock Sweden Könsrock Trallpunk United Kingdom Celtic punk Scottish Gaelic punk United States California Ohio Yugoslavia
People and groups	First wave punk musicians Second wave punk musicians List of punk rock bands, 0–K List of punk rock bands, L–Z Punk filmmakers Women in punk rock
Related articles	List of neo-Nazi bands List of punk compilation albums List of punk rock festivals Animal rights and punk subculture Conservative Punk Killing of Brian Deneke DIY ethic Moshing Poseur Punk subculture Punk fashion Punk ideologies Punk visual art Punk literature Punk zine Puntala-rock Straight edge Punk films list Timeline of punk rock Scene Emos vs. Punks

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