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Thirteen Villages of Syuejia

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The general location of the Thirteen Villages of Syuejia on a map of Syuejia District and Beimen District

The Thirteen Villages of Syuejia (Chinese: 學甲十三庄; Hanyu Pinyin: xuéjiǎshísānzhuāng;[1] Tongyong Pinyin: syuéjiǎshíhsanjhuang;[1] Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ha̍k-kah-cha̍p-saⁿ-chng[2]) were a group of Taiwanese Mandarin villages built in the seventeenth century CE, in what is now the Syuejia District (學甲區) and Beimen District (北門區), Tainan City, Taiwan. In 1661, when Koxinga arrived in the south-west part of Taiwan, four families from Baijiao Township (白礁鄉), Tonan County (同安縣), Fujian Province, China with the last names Chen (陳), Li (李), Hsieh (謝) and Chuang (莊) came along and built these villages.[3]

List of Villages

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8 of them were located in the Syuejia District:

  • Syuejia[4] (學甲) was located in the middle part of the district and is now the urban area.[5][6]
  • Zhongzhou[4] (中洲, means "center land") was located in the center of the district.[5][6]
  • Dawan[4] (大灣, means "big bay") was located in the southernmost part of the district. Many of the ancestors from here were formally from Dawan, Yongkang District (永康區), Tainan.[6]
  • Caodi[4] (草坔, means "grassland with mud") was located in the south-east and it got its name because of the low altitude.[6]
  • Shanliao[4] (山寮, means "house by the mountain") got its name from the sand dune, cishinshan (七星山) that is nearby.[6][7]
  • Zhaizigang[4] (宅仔港) was also located in the south-east.[5]
  • Syuejialiao[4] (學甲寮, means "house by Syuejia")
  • Daofengliao (ShinFang)[4] (倒風寮 (新芳), means "house by Daofeng") was located in the north[8] and it got its name because it was built on the side of an ancient bay, Daofeng Inland Sea (倒風內海).[6]

5 of them were located in the Beimen District:

  • Sanliaowan[4] (三寮灣, means "the bay with three houses") was located in the south-east, and west of Xidiliao.
  • Xidiliao[4] (溪底寮, means "house by the end of the river") was located in the south. It was once a larger unit, which included four villages: Sanliaowan, Xidiliao, Erchonggang and Luzhugou (蘆竹溝).[9]
  • Erchonggang[4] (二重港, means "village with two small harbors[10]") was also located in the south-east,[11] but on the eastern side of Xidiliao. Many people that live there have the last name "Ho" (侯).[10]
  • Duzitou[4] (渡仔頭, means "the start of the boats landed") was located in the north-west, by the estuary of the Yanshui River (鹽水溪).[9]
  • Huiyaogang[4] (灰磘港, means "harbor with many stoves to burn oyster shells[6]") was located in the east of the district. It got its name due to a popular industry of burning oyster shells into ashes. The ash was an important ingredient for architectures at the time.[6]

Industry

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Located on the east side of the Taiwan Strait, the villages were deeply influenced by the sea. It formed a culture or lifestyle called the Salt Land Lifestyle (鹽分地帶).[12] Under this lifestyle, each villages had their own unique industries. The most common type was Fishery and Agriculture.[13]

Fishing would be common in villages such as Xidiliao, Duzitou etc.. They would breed oysters, milkfish, shrimps, and others.[13]

Agriculture would mostly be seen in areas such as Dawan, Sanliaowan, Erchonggang etc.. In those places, they would dry farm due to the high salinity of the soil that was often too high for many plants. They grew garlic, scallion, shallot, corn and such.[12][13]

Apart from these, trading was once very prevalent here.

References

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  1. ^ a b "學甲十三庄-中文譯音轉換系統". 中文譯音轉換系統.
  2. ^ "Peh-oe-ji Tai-gu-bun bang-cham 白話字台語文網站 written Taiwanese Southern-Min". ip194097.ntcu.edu.tw. Retrieved 2022-12-08.
  3. ^ Huang, Wenbo (1998). 南瀛地名誌·北門區卷 (in Chinese). Tainan: 臺南縣立文化中心. p. 20.
  4. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m 中華郵政 (2013-05-15). "中華郵政全球資訊網". 中華郵政. Retrieved 2022-12-08.
  5. ^ a b c "中央研究院人文社會科學研究中心地理資訊科學研究專題中心 臺灣百年歷史地圖". 2019-06-30. Archived from the original on 2019-06-30. Retrieved 2022-12-08.
  6. ^ a b c d e f g h Huang, Wen-bo (1998). 南瀛地名誌．北門區卷 (in Chinese). Tainan: 臺南縣立文化中心. ISBN 9789860174823.
  7. ^ 南瀛歷史、社會與文化II (in Chinese). Tainan: 台南市政府文化局. 2010. p. 365. ISBN 9789860236552.
  8. ^ 臺南市學甲區公所 (2018-09-14). "臺南市學甲區公所資訊網". 臺南市學甲區公所. Retrieved 2022-12-08.
  9. ^ a b 臺灣堡圖 (in Japanese). 臺灣總督府. 1904.
  10. ^ a b "二重港侯氏宗祠_上谷堂_北門區志文稿". www.2port.com.tw. Retrieved 2022-12-08.
  11. ^ 臺南市北門區公所. "臺南市北門區公所". 區公所-北門區. Retrieved 2022-12-08.
  12. ^ a b 比娜·愛地方·, 吳 (2017-04-01). "鹽分地帶 風土之味／台江歷史、風土與人情的飲食故事". 上下游News&Market (in Chinese (Taiwan)). Retrieved 2022-12-08.
  13. ^ a b c Tu, Shun-chong (2006). 南瀛產業節慶誌 (in Chinese). Tainan: 台南縣文化局. ISBN 9789570179743.
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