Ashy black titi monkey
| Ashy black titi[1] | |
|---|---|
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Scientific classification 
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| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Mammalia |
| Infraclass: | Placentalia |
| Order: | Primates |
| Family: | Pitheciidae |
| Genus: | Plecturocebus |
| Species: | P. cinerascens
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| Binomial name | |
| Plecturocebus cinerascens (Spix, 1823)
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| Ashy Black Titi range | |
The ashy black titi monkey (Plecturocebus cinerascens) is a species of titi monkey, a type of New World monkey, endemic to Brazil.[2] It was originally described as Callicebus cinerascens in 1823 and was changed to genus Plecturocebus in 2016.[3][4]
Taxonomy
[edit]The ashy black titi is a New World monkey in the family Pitheciidae.[2] It was previously classified within the genus Callicebus,[3] which historically included all titi monkeys. However, molecular phylogenetic studies have led to taxonomic revisions that split the group into multiple genera,[4][5][6] including Plecturocebus, Callicebus, and Cheracebus.[4] Furthermore, within the genus Plecturocebus, there are two species-groups, moloch and donacophilus; the ashy black titi is classified under the moloch group.[4] This reclassification reflects evolutionary relationships based on genetic data rather than just focusing on morphology.
Description
[edit]Within the moloch species-groups of Plecturocebus, species generally have a grayish or brownish dorsum with a white, orange, or red belly.[4] However, P. cinerascens has a grey agouti coloration for all parts of the body except for a reddish brown agouti with grey agouti coloration on the dorsum.[5] The is a north to south clinical bleaching gradient along the Aripunanã, Sucundurí, and Juruena interfluves.[6] Males have a head-body length of 33–40 cm (13–16 in) and a tail length of 49–48 cm (19–19 in).[7] Females are slightly smaller on average, and have a head-body length of 32–38 cm (13–15 in) and a tail length of 39–48 cm (15–19 in).[7] The weight range is 740–950 g (26–34 oz).[7]
Distribution
[edit]P. cinerascens is endemic to Brazil, where its range is still poorly defined.[4] In 1823, Spix indicated the presence of the titi monkey along the Peru-Brazil border,[3] however no recent data has been able to support this original observation.[4] Instead, current studies have found that P. cinerascens reside along the interfluves of Aripuanā, Sucundurí, and Juruena.[6]
Conservation status
[edit]Currently, the ashy black titi is classified as Least Concern (LC) on the IUCN Red List.[2] The population trend is listed as unknown, as exact populations numbers can be difficult to estimate due to complex habitat conditions and limited field studies. Therefore, despite being listed as LC, this species may still face localized threats from deforestation to habitat fragmentation in the Amazon.[8][9]
References
[edit]- ^ Groves, C. P. (2005). "Species Callicebus (Callicebus) cinerascens". In Wilson, D. E.; Reeder, D. M. (eds.). Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed.). Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. p. 142. ISBN 0-801-88221-4. OCLC 62265494.
- ^ a b c d Boubli, J.P.; Valença-Montenegro, M.M.; Silva, F.E. (2021). "Plecturocebus cinerascens". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2021 e.T41557A206548613. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-3.RLTS.T41557A206548613.en. Retrieved 5 September 2022.
- ^ a b c Noronha, Maurício Almeida; Spironello, Wilson Roberto; Ferreira, Dayse Campista (2007-12-01). "New occurrence records and eastern extension to the range of Callicebus cinerascens (Primates, Pitheciidae)". Neotropical Primates. 14 (3): 137–139. doi:10.62015/np.2007.v14.658. ISSN 2995-2174.
- ^ a b c d e f g Byrne, Hazel; Rylands, Anthony B.; Carneiro, Jeferson C.; Alfaro, Jessica W. Lynch; Bertuol, Fabricio; da Silva, Maria N. F.; Messias, Mariluce; Groves, Colin P.; Mittermeier, Russell A.; Farias, Izeni; Hrbek, Tomas; Schneider, Horacio; Sampaio, Iracilda; Boubli, Jean P. (2016-03-01). "Phylogenetic relationships of the New World titi monkeys (Callicebus): first appraisal of taxonomy based on molecular evidence". Frontiers in Zoology. 13 (1): 10. doi:10.1186/s12983-016-0142-4. ISSN 1742-9994. PMC 4774130. PMID 26937245.
- ^ a b Boubli, Jean P.; Byrne, Hazel; da Silva, Maria N. F.; Silva-Júnior, José; Costa Araújo, Rodrigo; Bertuol, Fabrício; Gonçalves, Jonas; de Melo, Fabiano R.; Rylands, Anthony B.; Mittermeier, Russell A.; Silva, Felipe E.; Nash, Stephen D.; Canale, Gustavo; Alencar, Raony de M.; Rossi, Rogerio V. (2019-03-01). "On a new species of titi monkey (Primates: Plecturocebus Byrne et al., 2016), from Alta Floresta, southern Amazon, Brazil". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 132: 117–137. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2018.11.012. ISSN 1055-7903. PMID 30496844.
- ^ a b c Byrne, Hazel; Costa-Araújo, Rodrigo; Farias, Izeni P.; da Silva, Maria N. F.; Messias, Mariluce; Hrbek, Tomas; Boubli, Jean P. (2024-02-01). "Uncertainty Regarding Species Delimitation, Geographic Distribution, and the Evolutionary History of South-Central Amazonian Titi Monkey Species (Plecturocebus, Pitheciidae)". International Journal of Primatology. 45 (1): 12–34. doi:10.1007/s10764-021-00249-9. ISSN 1573-8604.
- ^ a b c "Callicebus cinerascens - Plazi TreatmentBank". tb.plazi.org. Retrieved 2026-05-06.
- ^ Gilbert, Kellen A. (2003), "Primates and Fragmentation of the Amazon Forest", in Marsh, Laura K. (ed.), Primates in Fragments: Ecology and Conservation, Boston, MA: Springer US, pp. 145–157, doi:10.1007/978-1-4757-3770-7_10, ISBN 978-1-4757-3770-7, retrieved 2026-05-06
- ^ Galán-Acedo, Carmen; Arasa-Gisbert, Ricard; Arroyo-Rodríguez, Víctor; Martínez-Ruiz, Marisela; Rosete-Vergés, Fernando A.; Villalobos, Fabricio (2023-04-01). "Effects of habitat loss on Brazilian primates: assessing extinction thresholds in the Amazon and Atlantic Forest". Perspectives in Ecology and Conservation. 21 (2): 189–195. doi:10.1016/j.pecon.2023.05.001. ISSN 2530-0644.